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阅读理解-七选五 适中0.65 引用3 组卷36

With more people concerned about the environment, you can expect to see many more electric vehicles( EVs电动汽车) on the road in future. 【小题1】 Drivers say there are a few things to get used to when switching to a vehicle powered by electricity. First of all, there’s no clutch (离合器). Instead, drivers use a simple selector to put EVs in park, drive, and reverse.

Since they’re powered by electricity, EVs also apply full power as soon as the driver hits the accelerator (加速器). 【小题2】 Also, EVs slow down as soon as the driver lifts their foot off the accelerator. Drivers end up using their brakes much less.

【小题3】 The most obvious is that EVs don’t rely on gas. This means drivers of electric cars don’t need to stop at the gas station—in the long run, this can save a great deal of money. EVs are also low maintenance (维护). For example, they don’t need oil changes. 【小题4】 This is likely because of the placement of the battery, which sits just below the seats. This helps keep the vehicle’s center of gravity low.

Of course, there are also disadvantages. Most EVs can drive over 200 miles on one full charge. 【小题5】 With limited charging stations in many areas, this could cause problems on long trips. Additionally, the batteries are expensive to replace. Finally, while EVs may save drivers’ money on gas and maintenance in the long run, the price of buying an EV is often higher than that of a gas-powered vehicle.

A.There are many benefits of owning an EV.
B.At that point, though, they need to be recharged.
C.Many drivers also report that EVs feel more secure.
D.This may help them speed up faster than gas-powered cars.
E.As the name suggests, electric vehicles rely on electricity alone.
F.Many people prefer EVs because they can reduce their stress.
G.So what is it like to drive an electric vehicle instead of a gas-powered car?
22-23高二上·全国·开学考试
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New research indicates that a person's neighborhood may play a large role in influencing decisions to commute by bike. The study, published recently in the Journal of Transport and Land Use, could give city planners new ideas about how to design neighborhoods, streets and bike paths with active commuting in mind, said Yuiin Park, lead author of the study.

The study was based on a survey of 1, 200 people who commuted to The Ohio State University. About 12.6 percent of those people classified themselves as bicyclists, and about 5.4 percent reported that a bicycle was their main choice of transportation to campus. People, who lived in high-density areas were more than twice as likely to commute by bike as people in medium-density areas and more than three times as likely to commute by bike as people in suburban areas.

Both bicyclists and non-bicyclists in the survey agreed that bicycling was environmentally friendly,created health benefits and would save money. It indicates that recognizing the benefits of bicycling is not enough to push non-bicyclists to start commuting on two wheels. However, most bicyclists surveyed said they would commute by bike more frequently if they had access to more bike' paths, bike-sharing opportunities and covered parking for their bikes. Non-bicyclists who lived in high-density neighborhoods appeared to be more concerned about safety-both from other vehicles and from crime-when traveling by bike than their friends who commute by bike.

Park finally said that the conditional willingness to ride a bicycle to commute gradually decreases from high-density neighborhoods to low-density, single-family neighborhoods. She also said that if campus, city and regional planners want to increase the percentage of people commuting by bike, they might want to target public investment in protected bike paths and bike parking near downtown and campus areas.

【小题1】What can we learn about the participants from paragraph 2?
A.They live near the Ohio State University.
B.Quite a few of them commute by bicycle.
C.They are students from the Ohio State University.
D.People living downtown are most likely to ride bikes.
【小题2】Non-bicyclists are more concerned about      
A.narrow bicycle pathsB.potential safety risks
C.few sharing chancesD.poor parking facilities
【小题3】How can city planners encourage more people to commute by bike?
A.By requiring university students to ride bikes.B.By investing more money in purchasing bikes.
C.By building safe paths and parking for cyclists.D.By educating people about the benefits of cycling.
【小题4】What is the text mainly about?
A.Campuses should be designed as bike-friendly areas.
B.People are supposed to commute downtown by bike.
C.Neighborhood may affect people's commuting choices.
D.Commuting by bike makes neighbourhood more active.

Highway safety experts have long been concerned about a possible increase of accidents and deaths as people in their 70s, 80s and beyond continued to drive. However, a recent study by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety found that drivers age 70 and older were less likely to be involved in a car accident than those 35 to 54.

The study, published in June in The Journal of Safety Research, recorded a 43 percent drop in accidents among drivers 70 and older from 1997 to 2018. For middle-aged drivers, the decline in accidents was half that, 21 percent. Although seniors rarely drove as far as younger drivers did, older adults had better safety records per mile driven. In 2017, for the first time ever, drivers 70 and older had fewer crashes reported to the police than middle-aged drivers, the institute found.

The study’s authors credited two major factors for the improved safety record of older drivers: Seniors today are healthier than in decades past, and most are operating safer vehicle. To that, I would add, they’re helped by significant safety improvements in roadway design. For example, when stop signs or traffic lights were replaced by roundabouts at crossroads, overall crashes dropped 37 percent, injury crashes by 75 percent, and deaths by 90 percent.

Still, there’s no question that an aging mind and body can compromise driving safety. Flexibility and reaction time necessarily decline as-we get-older. Age-related health challenges that can worsen driving ability include arthritis (关节炎), hearing loss and dementia (痴呆). The most important lesson for older drivers is to acknowledge (承认) such changes and know how to make up for them if possible.

Brenda Vrkljan, a specialist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, is doing what she can to help older adults continue to drive safely by monitoring where and when they drive and how they behave behind the wheel.

A program called Candrivee which Dr Vrkljan helped establish, is tracking the driving patterns of older adults to assess what changes might improve safety. She and colleagues are placing cameras in aging drivers’ cars to record their unsafe missteps, like failing to check mirrors before changing lanes or not stopping soon enough. Afterward, the drivers can view the video, offering them an opportunity to bear witness to their limitations.

【小题1】What can we learn from the recent study?
A.Accidents among middle-aged drivers have been increasing since 1997.
B.Accidents among older drivers dropped sharply from 1997 to 2018.
C.Older drivers had better records though they drove less frequently.
D.Older drivers were less willing to report accidents to the police.
【小题2】What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A.Measures to protect older drivers on the road.B.Suggestions on making cars safer for older drivers.
C.Reasons for better safety record among older drivers.D.Advantages of replacing stop signs at crossroads.
【小题3】The underlined word “compromise” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A.improveB.weakenC.ensureD.balance
【小题4】What is the purpose of the Candrive program?
A.To help older people to pass a driving test more easily.
B.To decide whether older drivers can continue driving.
C.To study why older drivers fail to check mirrors before changing lanes.
D.To provide a chance for older drivers to improve their driving.
Every culture has a recognized (公认的) point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests passed.
In China, although teenagers can get their ID cards at 16, many only see themselves as an adult when they are 18. In the US, where everyone drives, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license, they drive into the grown-up world.
“Nobody wants to ride the bus to school,” said Eleanor Fulham, 17. She remembered the pressure, especially from kids from richer families. “It’s like you’re not cool if you don’t have a car,” she said.
According to recent research, 41% of 16 to 19-year-olds in the     US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most of these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay.
Not all families will buy cars for their children. In cities with subways (地铁) and limited parking, some teenagers don’t want them. But in rich suburban (郊区的) areas without subways, and where bicycles are more for fun than transportation, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car.
But police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18 and 19-year-olds. This has made many parents think carefully before letting their kids drive.
Julie Sussman, of Virginia, decided that her son Chad, 15, will wait until he is 17.
Chad said he has accepted his parents’ decision, although it has caused some teasing (奚落) from his friends. “They say that I am unlucky,” he said. “But I’d rather be alive than driving, and I don’t really trust my friends on the road either.”
In China as more families get cars, more 18-year-olds learn to drive. Will this become a big step to becoming an adult?
【小题1】The story is mainly about _______.
A.the recognized point between childhood and adulthood
B.American teens want to drive a car when they turn 16
C.whether teenagers should have a car
D.the fact that it’s safer for teens to drive a car at an younger age
【小题2】Which of the following is not one of the reasons that kids want to have a car?
A.With a car, it would be easy to move around.
B.A great number of teenagers have cars.
C.Having a car would mean more excitement.
D.Parents’ support for kids to have a car at an early age.
【小题3】.Which of the following is not true?
A.Some of Chad’s friends have cars.
B.When deciding whether to buy a car for their kids, safety weighs heavily on many parents’ mind.
C.In the US, 16 is considered the point between childhood and adulthood.
D.More kids from cities own cars than those from the countryside.
【小题4】The word “license” in Paragraph 2 means closest to ______.
A.driving permitB.ID cardC.learner’s permitD.test result

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