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As you’re drafting your New Year’s resolutions, you may think that it takes 21 days of repeating an action for that action to become a habit. So, you set out to go to the gym for 21 days, thinking that by day 22 heading to the gym will feel automatic — maybe even fun.

However, that 21-day estimate isn’t true. A habit expert Wendy Wood found that this falsehood came from a self-help book in the 1960s and actually described how long it takes to get used to your new appearance after plastic surgery. It’s important to note that getting used to something is not the same thing as forming a habit, and perhaps the two concepts got confused along the way, giving rise to the term today.

To figure out how long it actually takes to form a habit, Phillippa Lally, and her team did a series of research.

They recruited 96 people and asked each person to choose one new habit and report each day on whether or not they did the behavior and how automatic the behavior felt. Some people chose simple habits like “drinking a bottle of water with lunch.” Others chose more difficult tasks like “running for 15 minutes before dinner.” At the end of 12 weeks, the researchers analyzed the data to determine how long it took each person to go from starting a new behavior to automatically doing it.

The study found that it takes more than 2 months before a new behavior becomes automatic — 66 days to be exact. And if you want to set your expectations appropriately, the truth is that it will probably take you anywhere from two months to eight months to build a new behavior into your life. Interestingly, the researchers also found that “missing one opportunity to perform the behavior did not affect the habit formation process.” That is to say, it doesn’t matter if you mess up every now and then. Building better habits is not an all-or-nothing process.

So, for those who wish to form certain habits, persistence is king. To form a good habit, we need to pay more energy and effort.

【小题1】What does “21days” actually mean according to Wendy Wood?
A.The time one drafts a book.
B.The time one develops a new habit.
C.The time one gets used to something.
D.The time one recovers from a surgery.
【小题2】How did the researchers do the research?
A.By doing questionnaires.B.By tracking people’s behaviors.
C.By making predictions.D.By analyzing data of previous studies.
【小题3】What can we infer from paragraph 5?
A.Habits cannot be noticed easily.
B.The amount of time a habit takes varies.
C.One should perform a behavior constantly.
D.It takes exactly 66 days to form a new habit.
【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.Habit — good or not?B.Better habit, better life?
C.21days to form a habit?D.Hit or miss with habits?
23-24高二上·山东德州·期末
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“If you could have any three things, what would you want?”

Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking that question, but it’s not a game she plays at recess(课间). She asks it at nursing homes in the Harrison, Arkansas, where she lives. Even more amazing, she then sets out to make the residents’ wishes come true.

Ruby Kate often tags along with her mother, Amanda, who works at nursing home in the summer. “I’ve never found them scary at all, so I’m able to just go up to them and ask if they need anything,” she says.

Last May, Ruby K ate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window. She seemed sad. “What are you looking at?” Ruby Kate asked. Pearl said she was watching her dog being led away by his new owner after a visit. Pearl didn’t know when she would see her dog again. Pearl was a medicaid recipient, who got only $40 a month to spend on personal items. Ruby Kate and Amanda asked around and discovered that many residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.

She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most. “That’s a lot simpler than going, ‘Hey, what do you want?’” she explains. “They can understand you better.” Amanda worried that people would ask for things an 11-year-old wouldn’t be able to provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald’s fries, and even just a prayer.

“It broke me as a human,” Amanda says. “We left the nursing home that day and went straight to a store and bought as many items as we could.”

Using their own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. Then they started asking for donations. The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, and they raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months.

【小题1】Why does Ruby often ask the same question?
A.She likes hearing everyone’s stories.
B.It makes her famous in the community.
C.She finds it amusing to repeat the question.
D.She wants to help residents in nursing homes.
【小题2】What can be inferred about Pearl in paragraph 4?
A.Pearl was in good health.B.Pearl couldn’t afford to keep her dog.
C.Pearl was too old to raise a dog.D.Pearl sold her dog for small luxuries.
【小题3】What moved Amanda most?
A.The residents’ gratitude for Amanda’s assistance.
B.The popularity Ruby achieved for her good deeds.
C.The simplicity and sincerity of the residents’ requests.
D.The residents’ enthusiasm and optimism in difficult times.
【小题4】What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A.Action speak louder than words.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.Kindness is the language of the heart.D.Nothing is difficult to a willing heart.

Tidy Up Your Space

Do you often feel upset when you can’t locate your belongings in a messy room? Keeping the things organized in your room can make your space more enjoyable to be in. 【小题1】 Here are some helpful steps to get started.

Consider the benefits

Think of tidying up as treating your belongings with respect. You want to enjoy the items you love. 【小题2】 Consider what you’ll gain by cleaning up. For example, rediscovering an old treasure you’ve forgotten about would be exciting.

Start small

You don’t have to organize your room in one day. That could make you feel stressful. 【小题3】 This could be your nightstand where books have started to pile (堆) up. Once you’ve identified what to organize, start sorting them into three separate piles: one for items you want to keep; another for items you want to donate; and a third one for things that would be recycled or thrown away.

Identify new organizing areas

After you’ve cleared out several spaces in your room, look through the “keep” items that still need to be organized. Use baskets, boxes or other containers to store similar items together. 【小题4】 For example, hair accessories (配饰) could be in a basket near a mirror.

Sort through the rest

Ask an adult to help you go through your piles for donating or for recycling. He or she can help you decide how to deal with them. For example, you may have a family friend with a child younger than you who might like to have the clothes and toys you’ve outgrown. 【小题5】

A.Instead, focus on one small area.
B.So how can we tidy up more efficiently?
C.You don’t want to trip over them or struggle to find them.
D.Therefore, when is the best time to reorganize your room?
E.You can decorate your containers to personalize them if you like.
F.Put the containers in the place near where you typically use them.
G.You can also make some beautiful household items out of spare boxes.

I am building a tiny house. Not a dollhouse, but a livable space with bed, kitchen, storage-everything you’d need to live.

Why did I decide to build a house? I hoped it would give me skills that really matter in life, such as using tools for construction. And in building the house, I would understand how much labor goes into a home and truly appreciate what I am living in.

But this past year, life gave me a heavy hit: My father, one of my best friends and my tiny house construction partner, died in a traffic accident.

This is where my enthusiasm conics from now: the desire to finish my house for my father. Because of this decision, I now have some life experiences that some adults don’t have. I can relate not only to people who want to build a house, but also to people who have lost a parent. And to all of them, I can say that giving up is not a choice.

Still, without the help of my friends and family. I would probably stop my project. My friend Luke came to help the week after my father died; he knew I needed to get my walls up. The guidance from fellow tiny house builders and their families has been helpful. Putting windows in is no easy. And installing(安装) electricity is not something you do in your dreams. Ten hours of stabbing (戳) your fingers with metal string and getting shocked a couple times is not ideal.

Sometimes when people get a hard knock, they stay down. I didn’t. I didn’t only want to show that anyone can build their own house; I also wanted to show that when I was handed lemons. I not only made lemonade. I made a delicious lemon cake.

【小题1】One reason why the author decided to build a house was to       .
A.save some moneyB.learn some life skills
C.realize her father’s dreamD.improve her living conditions
【小题2】After her father’s death, the author       .
A.lives on her ownB.decided to give up her plan
C.still looks at life positivelyD.has helped many needy families
【小题3】When doing her construction work, the author       .
A.got a lot of help from other peopleB.decided to lower her expectations
C.had to leave things unfinishedD.found it less challenging
【小题4】The underlined part “gel a hard knock” in the last paragraph probably means       .
A.get knocked downB.do a challenging task
C.experience something newD.have an unpleasant experience

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