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Weddings are one of life’s biggest celebrations, and they are observed in just about every country and culture on the planet. Here are some wedding traditions from around the world.

Scotland

Scottish weddings usually feature the handfasting ceremony. During the ceremony, the bride (新娘) and bridegroom each hold a piece of cloth. These are carefully wound around the couple’s joined hands. When they pull their hands apart, the pieces become tied into a knot (结) — a symbol of the new union.

Germany

Guests at a German wedding get to see an interesting sight: the newly married couple — still dressed in their suit and wedding dress — cutting a length of a tree in half with a two-person saw (锯). In this way, they show their ability to work as a team to face any challenge they will meet in life.

Norway

A Norwegian wedding cake is made up of progressively smaller layers of iced cake rings, which give the cake the shape of Christmas tree. The inside is empty and has gifts or even a bottle of wine. The bride and g room lift the top ring of the cake, and the number of layers that stick to it is said to represent the number of children they will have!

England

Brides in England typically wear “something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue” for their big day. The modern practice comes from a traditional English song, and the things themselves represent protection, cheerfulness, good luck, and purity, respectively.

Though the customs might vary, the feeling remains the same. Across the world, weddings are times to celebrate love, happiness, and family.

【小题1】Why is a two-person saw used in the German wedding?
A.To entertain the wedding guests.B.To mark the couple’s united efforts.
C.To represent the upcoming challenges.D.To keep the couple from hurting each other.
【小题2】In which wedding do brides wear different things to represent different wishes?
A.The Scottish wedding.B.The German wedding.
C.The Norwegian wedding.D.The English wedding.
【小题3】What does the text show about wedding?
A.Rules to follow.B.Special customs.
C.Ways to treat guests.D.Cultural backgrounds.
23-24高一上·福建泉州·期末
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It’s a tradition that dates back to the 1930s’ and it’s designed to give all children in Finland, no matter what background they’re from, an equal start in life.

The maternity(母性) package — a gift from the government — is available to all expectant mothers. It contains bodysuits, a sleeping bag, outdoor gear, bathing products for the baby as well as nappies, bedding and a small mattress.

With the mattress at the bottom, the box becomes a baby’s first bed. Many children, from all social backgrounds, have their first naps within the safety of the box’s four cardboard walls.

The tradition dates back to 1938. At first, the scheme was only available to families on low incomes, but that changed in 1949. In the 1930s Finland was a poor country and the infant death rate was high — 65 out of 1,000 babies died. But the figure decreased rapidly in the decades that followed. Over 75 years, the box has been an established part of the Finnish rite(仪式) of a passage to motherhood, uniting generations of women.

Reija Klemetti, a 49-year-old woman from Helsinki, remembers going to the post office to receive a box for one of her children. “My partner Milla and I were living in London when we had our first child, Jasper, so we weren’t eligible (有资格) for a free box. But Milla’s parents didn’t want us to miss out, so they bought one and put it in the post office. We couldn’t wait to open the box. There were all the clothes I had expected, with the addition of a snowsuit for Finland's cold winter.”

“We now live in Helsinki and have just had our second child, Annika. She did get a free box, from the Finnish government. This felt to me like evidence that someone cared — someone wanted our baby to have a good start in life,” Reija Klemetti said.

【小题1】In Finland the maternity package is probably seen as a symbol of_____.
A.wealth
B.equality
C.pride
D.fame
【小题2】The fourth paragraph implies that_____.
A.the rich refused to use the boxes
B.there were not enough boxes at first
C.the boxes were given to poor families only
D.the boxes helped cut down the death rate of babies
【小题3】Why couldn’t Reija Klemetti get a free box when her first child was born?
A.They were not citizens of Finland.
B.They lived outside Finland.
C.They didn't apply for the box.
D.They had got one from their neighbors.
【小题4】How did Reija Klemetti feel when she received the box from the post office?
A.Worried.B.Disappointed.
C.Puzzled.D.Excited.
【小题5】What did Reija Klemetti want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A.A free box came at last.
B.She was longing for a free box for her child.
C.She returned to Finland to get a free box.
D.The free box gave her a feeling of warmth.

Black Friday refers to the day after Thanksgiving. On this day, crowds of shoppers flood into stores all over the country to take advantage of the season’s biggest holiday bargains. But the real story behind Black Friday is a bit complicated.

The most commonly repeated story behind the post-Thanksgiving shopping-related Black Friday tradition links it to retailers (零售商). As the story goes, after an entire year of operating at a loss, recorded in red ink, stores would supposedly earn a profit, marked in black ink, on the day after Thanksgiving, because holiday shoppers blew so much money on discounted products. Though it’s true that retail companies used to record losses in red and profits in black when doing their accounting, this version of Black Friday’s origin is not an accurate story behind the tradition.

The true story behind Black Friday, however, is not as sunny as retailers might have you believe. Back in the 1950s, police in the city of Philadelphia used the term to describe the chaos that happened on the day after Thanksgiving, when tens of thousands of suburban shoppers and tourists flooded into the city in advance of the big Army-Navy football game held on that Saturday every year. Not only would the police not be able to take the day off, but also they would have to work extra-long shifts dealing with the additional crowds and traffic.

The term didn’t spread to the rest of the country until much later, however, and as recently as 1985 it wasn’t in common use nationwide. Sometime in the late 1980s, however, retailers found a way to reinvent Black Friday and turn it into something that reflected positively on them and their customers. The result was the “red to black” concept mentioned earlier. The Black Friday story stuck, and pretty soon the term’s darker roots in Philadelphia were largely forgotten.

【小题1】What is usually believed to be the origin of Black Friday?
A.The great profit retailers may gain.B.The way retailers do their accounting.
C.The much money shoppers spend.D.The biggest bargains on this day.
【小题2】Why did police in Philadelphia refer to the day after Thanksgiving as Black Friday?
A.They had to compete with more shoppers for bargains.
B.They had to give up the big Army-Navy football game.
C.They had to work more hours to deal with the chaos.
D.They had to advance to suburb to fight against floods.
【小题3】The retailers reinvent Black Friday in the late 1980s ________.
A.to attract more customers to shopB.to create the “red to black” concept
C.to make profits by this special eventD.to change people’s impression of it
【小题4】What is the purpose of writing the passage?
A.To introduce the real history of Black Friday.
B.To explain a term with various meanings.
C.To show the biggest shopping holiday in US.
D.To remind readers of a forgotten truth of red and black.

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