During her childhood summer holidays, McIntosh, her mother and little brother would make the short trip from Glasgow to Loch Lomond to rent a boat, pack it with camping supplies and head for the islands. The trips became a tradition.

However, her mother became unwell. Any thought of summer camping trips faded away, as McIntosh, aged 13, became one of the young carers across Britain with round-the-clock responsibility for her parent’s welfare. The young girl’s world became about helping her mother. At 18, she found herself anxious and unsure of what to do next. It was at that point that she was encouraged to apply for a 19-dayresidential course with Outward Bound, which prides itself on uprooting youngsters from their home comforts, giving funded places to those like McIntosh from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Four years on and McIntosh credits the course with making her who she is today. It was so transformative that she is training to become an outdoor instructor herself. “I learnt more about myself in those 19 days than I had in my entire life.”

“When you’re in the middle of nowhere, you feel quite vulnerable. You learn to bond and trust quite quickly,” she recalls. Then came the moment described as one of the best of her life. The group had been asked to climb Ben Nevis but when they were close to the summit, they realized they had not left enough time and had to turn back. The next day they returned and completed it.

“Climbing Ben Nevis twice in two days, that’s not something I ever would have thought I was capable of doing at the start of the course,” she said, still beaming about it years later.

To become an instructor, McIntosh is gaining qualifications in climbing, skiing, and mountain leadership, as well as studying for a diploma in counseling. She wants to take her mother, who is losing her eyesight, camping again. “I hope that before that happens I will be able to take her out and show her the things that I get to see,” she said.

The family is where a child learns words and their meanings. What you say and how you say it has an important effect on how your child will view himself and his world.【小题1】Their cries let the family know that they are hungry, tired or need to be held. The family is how a child learns to understand and to express his wants, needs, feelings opinions and ideas.

Include your child in conversations from the very beginning. Help him join in. At first the sounds are babbling(婴儿发出的咿呀声).【小题2】Families who include their children in conversation give their children important practice in communication and social skills, as well as a better chance for future success.

【小题5】From the time they are very young, they can tell when adults are distracted or not listening. If they think their part of the conversation is not being listened to, they will become mad.

The 30 miles of road winds its way through the mountains of Logan Canyon.It is enough to make most drivers frightened.

But Roger Andersen,a 46-yearold father of four,hadn't expected any trouble on the road on last New Year's Eve when he set off for a ski trip to the Bear River Mountains with his three children.The weather was good for traveling on the slopes（坡）,but the higher they drove,the steeper（陡峭的）the roads became.All of a sudden,the car ran toward the cold Logan River out of control and sank into the water.

There was no time to tell the kids what to do.Within seconds,the car was filled with water."It was frightening that we were completely underwater so fast,remembers Andersen.Confused about the directions,Andersen began to search the freezing water for the kids,but however hard he tried he couldn't find them."If I don't get out,maybe none of us are able to get out."Andersen got out of his seat belt,swam through a broken window to the surface.That was when he saw a group of men,about ten in all,appear on the road.One after another,they raced down and jumped into the water,shouting,"Who else is in the car?"Andersen says thankfully,"It was like the sight of angels."

As the kids fully recovered in the following weeks,Andersen felt eager to thank the men who had saved them.He was surprised to learn that the group was a search-and-rescue team,who knew how to help the kids stay alive.

"It's just unbelievable that you'd have so many people there who knew how to do it,"says Andersen."Many people have asked me,'Did you witness a miracle（奇迹）there?' I always say,'I witnessed dozens.'"