Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) will soon test a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies. A spaceship carrying the cooking equipment and other supplies was launched on Saturday from the Wallops Flight Facility in the United States. The shipment, weighing 3,700 kilograms, reached the space station on Monday. The goal is to explore the possibility of making freshly baked cookies for space travelers.
American company Nanoracks designed and built the oven and helped with organizing the flight to the space station. Hilton Double Tree hotels supplied the cookie dough (生面团) the astronauts will use.
In the past, space station crews have created their own pizzas using a thin, fiat piece of bread known as flatbread. Astronauts have tried other creative ways to make food, such as creating salads from vegetables grown in the space station. Results have been mixed.
The cookie baking will be a slow process. The oven can heat just one cookie at a time. The test could take weeks before the astronauts have chance to try out freshly baked cookies.
Five unbaked cookies have been in a space station freezer for several weeks. Each is in its own individual clear bag made out of silicone. The oven can heat foods to temperatures as high as 177°C. That is twice the temperature of the U.S. and Russian food warmers on the space station. The oven uses electric heating elements.
Mary Murphy is with Nanoracks. Murphy says she expects a baking time of 15 to 20 minutes for each cookie when the oven is heated to about 163°C. She adds that the smell of baking cookies should fill the space station each time a cookie comes out of the oven.
The oven’s first use will be the real test. Without the force of gravity, the astronauts do not know exactly how the cookie will look. Three of the space-baked cookies are to be returned to Earth for testing.
【小题1】Why were the cooking equipment and other supplies sent to ISS?A.To promote the products from Hilton Double Tree hotels. |
B.To find possible ways to make freshly baked cookies there. |
C.To test the equipment’s cooking efficiency for of baking cookies. |
D.To discover the potential of making bread by using a special dough. |
A.They must be heated to over 177℃. |
B.They were no different from those on the earth. |
C.All the foods were brought with them from the earth. |
D.Not all the planting experiments on ISS were successful. |
A.Environmental-friendly. | B.Energy-efficient. |
C.Far-reaching. | D.Time-consuming. |
A.A newly-invented cooker is widely used on ISS. |
B.A new oven is to be tested to make cookies on ISS. |
C.Dessert-lovers will soon enjoy cookies coming from ISS. |
D.Astronauts have found creative ways to make food on ISS. |
The world’s first 3D-printed steel footbridge, measuring 12 meters in length, has been installed in Amsterdam. The bridge, created by a Dutch company called MX3D, has been installed over the Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal.
More than four years in the making, the S-shaped bridge will act as a “living laboratory” in the Dutch capital as it handles pedestrian traffic.
Researchers at Imperial College London are assessing the “performance” of the bridge, which is packed with sensors, as it’s being walked on.
Data collected from the sensors will enable experts to monitor how it changes over its lifespan, such as if the steel yields (变形;弯曲) due to football, and measure how the public interacts with the bridge, such as how many people are using it.
“A 3D-printed metal structure large and strong enough to handle pedestrian traffic has never been constructed before,” said Leroy Gardner of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. “We have tested and stimulated the structure and its components throughout the printing process and upon its completion, and it’s fantastic to see it finally open to the public.”
Sensor data will also be put into a “digital twin” of the bridge—a computerized version that imitates the real-life physical version. Performance of the physical bridge will be tested against the twin, which will help answer questions about the adequacy (妥善性) of 3D- printed steel and inform future construction projects.
According to MX3D, the bridge is more than just a functional object for the public, but an art, installation and a celebration of technology.
“3D printing presents tremendous opportunities to the construction industry, enabling far greater freedom in terms of material properties and shapes,” said Gardener. “This freedom also brings a range of challenges and will require structural engineers to think in new ways.”
【小题1】What makes the bridge special?A.The S-shape. | B.The metal structure. |
C.The 3D-printing. | D.The living laboratory. |
A.Sensors can detect problems. | B.The bridge is 12 meters wide. |
C.Cars must run slowly on the bridge. | D.The bridge is the world’s first steel footbridge. |
A.Practical. | B.Complex. | C.Artistic. | D.Technical. |
A.To recommend 3D printing. | B.To analyze sensor data. |
C.To praise technology innovation. | D.To introduce a footbridge. |
Researchers have created a noninvasive (无创的) brain decoder that can translate stories heard by participants into a string of text, based on their MRI scans. The team says this technology could one day aid communication in people who are mentally conscious but physically unable to speak, such as stroke patients.
“Compared to what’s been done before using the same noninvasive method, which typically deals with single words or short sentences, this new technology is a real leap forward,” Alex Huth, a professor of neuroscience and computer science at the University of Texas at Austin, says in a statement. “We’re getting the model to decode continuous language for extended periods of time with complicated ideas.”
Huth and his colleagues collected hours of data from three participants listening to the podcasts “Modern Love” and “The Moth Radio Hour” while connected to a functional MRI (fMRI) scanner, which recorded the participants’ blood oxygen levels in parts of their brains. This data was used to train an A. I. model to match specific brain activity patterns with strings of words, the team reports in a new study published Monday in Nature Neuroscience. The decoder used GPT-1, an earlier version of the technology that powers ChatGPT.
When the participants listened to new stories, the tool couldn’t spit back the exact words, but it could convey the main idea. For example, a participant hearing “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” had their thoughts translated to: “She has not even started to learn to drive yet.” The researchers also had participants watch muted animated short films. Though the model was trained only on spoken words, it could still generate a language description of what was happening.
Reading minds raises a multitude of ethical questions about brain privacy, but the researchers say their tool doesn’t work without willing cooperation. “This is all about the user having a new way of communicating, a new tool that is totally in their control,” David Moses, a researcher of automatic speech recognition at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved in the study, said. “That is the goal, and we have to make sure that stays the goal.”
【小题1】In what aspect has the new technology made progress?A.The age of target users. | B.The complexity of listening materials. |
C.The income of research teams. | D.The effectiveness of noninvasive methods. |
A.The researchers. | B.A fMR/scanner. | C.An A. I. decoder. | D.ChatGPT. |
A.A violation to personal privacy. | B.A challenge to traditional culture. |
C.A prejudice against the mentally disabled. | D.A barrier against human communication. |
A.A. I. Helps Stroke Patients to Speak With Computers |
B.A New Technology Makes People Read Others’ Mind |
C.ChatGPT Voices What You think Into a String of words |
D.Researchers Use A. I. to Decode Words From Brain Scans |
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