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In our information-driven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone only based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately mislead us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality.

Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media? Who can we trust? How about experts — people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world? However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that prevent our ability to grasp the intricacies of the world.

Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attention-grabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution to, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way.

Yet, when we embrace a singular cause for or a solution to all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, depending the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the cure-all medicine, However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn’t fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality.

Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn’t fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don’t have time to form so many opinions, so what?

Wouldn’t you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong?

【小题1】What does the underlined word “allure” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Temptation.B.Tradition.C.Convenience.D.Disapproval.
【小题2】Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage?
A.They meet people’s demand for high efficiency.
B.They generate a sense of complete understanding.
C.They are raised and supported by multiple experts.
D.They reflect the opinions of like-minded individuals.
【小题3】What will the author probably agree with?
A.Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains.
B.Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness.
C.A well-founded opinion counts more than many shallow ones.
D.People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views.
【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A.Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity
B.Enhancing Comprehension: Simplifying Information
C.Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships
D.Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification
23-24高三上·河北·期末
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This week, my social media feed was flooded with pictures of a festival that is typically celebrated in March in Nepal. For me growing up, the festival, which is a Nepalese tradition, had less regional significance and was largely cultural, providing me with a day to play with color and water with my beloved family and friends.

As an international student, being away from home means being disconnected from cultural traditions. While a cultural disconnect is unavoidable, when I see the news headlines or posts that friends share on social media, being ignorant about what’s happening hack home fills me with penitence. It had been a while since I read articles about what was happening in Nepal. Even catching up with family members and old friends takes weeks to achieve.

In all honesty, I don’t know how to do a better job of keeping up to date with everything when focused on classes and work, and adjusting to college life. The news cycles in the US and at home are changing constantly, and can sometimes feel astonishing. But at least here in Rochester, the everyday chat keeps you knowing what’s happening outside the campus. Keeping up with news from home, however, requires the extra individual effort I just can’t spare time for while dealing with everything else I have to do here.

Talking to other international students, I find the feeling seems to be common for many of us. Maybe that’s just the reality of living abroad, and all we can do is our best. But with the opportunity to celebrate the festival away from home with friends at the university and learn to forgive myself for not staying up to date with what’s happening in my country, I know what I have at present is exactly what I need to hold dear and deserves my deep gratefulness.

【小题1】What did the author regard the festival as?
A.A connection with her hometown.B.A chance to have fun with loved ones.
C.A tradition featuring color and water.D.A holiday reflecting cultural uniqueness.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “penitence” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Guilt.B.Hope.C.Admiration.D.Surprise.
【小题3】What mainly caused the author to be disconnected from home?
A.Constant changes in Nepal.B.Lack of channels of getting news.
C.Her tight schedule at school.D.Different lifestyles at home and abroad.
【小题4】What does the author think of her current life?
A.It inspires her to try her best.B.It should be treasured and appreciated.
C.It needs a change immediately.D.It’s similar to the life of other foreigners.

Amazon sells 1,161 kinds of toilet brushes. I know this because I recently spent an evening trying to choose one of them for the bathroom in my new apartment. Nearly an hour later, after having read countless contradictory (矛盾的) reviews and considering far too many choices, I felt tired and simply gave up. The next day, I happily bought the only toilet brush the local dollar store offered.

Too many choices exhaust us, make us unhappy and lead us to sometimes flee from making a decision altogether. Researcher Barry Schwartz calls this “choice overload”. And it's not just insignificant details like which brush to wipe the inside of the toilet with - having too many choices in our creative and professional lives can lead us to avoid making important decisions.

Understanding how and why we make decisions can perhaps help us make better choices down the line. We make poorer decisions when we are tired. It's caused by decision fatigue (疲劳). The mind can only sort through so many choices and make so many choices before it starts to rum out of steam. That's why impulse buys like candy bars and magazines at the checkout aisle in the grocery store can be hard to resist. We've exhausted                    all our good decision -making skills.

The same goes for our workday. Making lots of decisions not only exhausts us;it can put us in a bad mood. That's why it's necessary to make your most important decisions in the morning rather than at the end of an exhausting day when your energy has been used up. The idiom “sleep on it” is indeed effective when it comes to making big decisions.

When we're tired, we lend to conserve our energy by making choices based on a single factor like price, rather than considering all the other determinants that go into making the best decision. When you're doing this, you are acting as what researchers call a cognitive miser (小气鬼).

To conclude, letting yourself have fewer choices to choose from can help you arrive at a more creative answer.

【小题1】Why did the author go to the local dollar store in the end?
A.She saw no good toilet brushes in Amazon.
B.She had got tired of the choices.
C.She read good reviews about brushes there.
D.She wanted to save some money.
【小题2】What can we lean about“ choice overload”?
A.It can benefit our creative thinking.
B.It means learning too much at a time.
C.It was first discovered by Barry Schwartz.
D.It can stop us from making good decisions at work.
【小题3】What does the underlined idiom “sleep on it” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.To make a big decision regardless of sleepiness.
B.To make decisions at the end of the day.
C.To put off making big decisions until the next day when you are not tired.
D.To think carelessly about making a big decision.
【小题4】What is the text mainly about?
A.Having fewer choices may benefit us more.
B.Reading reviews before shopping online is important.
C.Getting enough sleep every day is helpful.
D.Considering many factors to make a choice is unnecessary.

When I was nine years old. I pulled out my grandmother’s dress over my young frame, admiring myself in the mirror. I had no idea what I wanted to be when I grew up. Later in senior high school, I began to dream of being an adult to explore a big world and make adventures. However, I knew adulthood for me was still distant because I supported myself mainly with the money from my family.

Fresh out of college, I was working as a middle school teacher. I was in charge of young people and heavy with that responsibility. I arrived at school early and stayed late, preparing lessons and chatting with students. I was an official adult. I paid my rent and taxes. But I still felt as if I were playing a role. I was the adult authority figure who secretly didn’t feel grown-up in a room full of children. But I wasn’t worried; I was convinced that it would happen soon.

To me, an adult is someone who is mature and trustworthy—a contributing member of the society. We strive to become adults while there is also someone who spends life constantly partying and avoiding responsibility. A grown-up, however, is a state of mind. Our body gets older but something inside us doesn’t feel as if it is progressing as quickly.

In the following ten years, I followed the routines of adulthood: getting married, giving birth and working. My 6-year-old daughter and I often held hands, running breathlessly and laughing wildly. I tried to avoid eye contact with the nearby people who glared at us. I suspect they would prefer adults who would never slide down a giant hill of sand.

I turned 57 recently and it occurred to me that maybe I had it all wrong; I should stop waiting to feel grown-up. What if we embraced (拥抱) the child-like part of ourselves to enjoy it, guilt free? If we’re responsible adults and do all the adult things in a way that works, why should it matter if we don’t feel grown-up deep inside? Non-grown-ups don’t necessarily play games, but it isn’t fun embracing the playful side of life? Why can’t we feel 57 and 15 years old at the same time?

【小题1】How did the author feel about adulthood when she was a teenager?
A.She was unwilling to make adventures if she became an adult.
B.She showed no interest in thinking about it.
C.She was expectant and hopeful about it.
D.She had unknown fears for it.
【小题2】What did the author believe would happen to her before long according paragraph 2?
A.Being respected by her children.
B.Becoming a capable teacher.
C.Living on her own.
D.Being a real adult.
【小题3】What does the author mainly talk about in the third paragraph?
A.What an adult means in her opinion.
B.What an adult’s state of mind can be.
C.Why some people spend life avoiding responsibility.
D.Why it doesn’t progress so quickly to become a grown-up.
【小题4】What advice does the author give to us through her story?
A.Be true to your inner self.
B.It’s never too late to learn.
C.Life is a bittersweet journey.
D.Nice souls are a masterpiece of time.

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