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At present, there are over 36,000 McDonald’s restaurants around the world, but it started out as a small one. The McDonald brothers, Dick and Mac, opened the first McDonald’s in San Bernardino, California in 1948. The menu included hamburgers, soft drinks, pie, French fries, milk, coffee and milkshakes. Ray Kroc, a travel salesman, visited the store and became interested in it. The brothers said that they wanted to open stores in the whole country, and then Kroc became their first franchise agent (特许经销商) in 1954. Kroc opened up a restaurant for McDonald’s on April 15, 1955. That store came with a lot of difficulties in the beginning.

After dealing with the difficulties, McDonald’s started to spread to all over the United States. The McDonald brothers wanted to show their Speed Service System-what we call fast food. Customers were served at large windows in the front of the building. The houses of the first restaurants were red and white with two golden arches(拱)on the side to make the roof look less flat.

The McDonald’s menu in 1977 shows how different its food choices are from today. What’s more, today McDonald’s have digital screens to show menus again and again.

In 1969 McDonald’s changed the style of restaurants. This change is found on the first McDonald’s in Moscow, Russia in 1990. Crowds line up outside to get their first taste of a Big Mac.

With billions of people served, McDonald’s has played an attractive role shaping international culture since its first restaurant opened.

【小题1】When was McDonald’s first set up?
A.In 1955.B.In 1954.C.In 1948.D.In 1977.
【小题2】What led Ray Kroc to be McDonald’s first franchise agent?
A.The brothers’ wish.B.His experience of running restaurants.
C.His interest in traveling.D.One of the customers’ advice.
【小题3】Why did the first McDonald’s houses have two golden arches on the side?
A.The arches can show their difference in the USA.
B.Customers liked large windows.
C.Customers enjoyed arches.
D.The arches can make the roof look less flat.
【小题4】What can we learn from the McDonald’s menu of 1977?
A.It is very popular at that time.B.It is different from today’s food choice.
C.The reason why it was popular.D.The change of McDonald’s style.
21-22高一上·重庆黔江·阶段练习
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As China is a huge country, there are many regional differences in cuisine due to differing climates, history, local ingredients, dining customs, etc. Here are some popular dishes.

Kung Pao Chicken

Kung pao chicken is a famous Sichuan-style specialty, popular with both Chinese and foreigners. The major ingredients are diced chicken, dried chili, and fried peanuts (or cashews). People in western countries have created a Western-style kung pao chicken, in which the diced chicken is covered with cornstarch, and vegetables, sweet and sour sauce, and mashed garlic are added.

Sweet and Sour Pork

Sweet and sour pork has a bright orange-red color, and a delicious sweet and sour taste. At the very beginning, there was only sweet and sour pork, but to meet demands, there have been some developments on this dish. Now, the pork can be substituted with other ingredients like chicken, beef, or pork ribs.

Char Siu

In Cantonese, char means “fork” and siu means “to roast”, so char siu means “fork roasted”. It is a kind of Cantonese roast pork. It is eaten with rice or noodles. It is also used as a filling in baozi (a kind of steamed stuffed bun).

Dim Sum

Dim sum is one of the most popular Cantonese cuisine dishes. It contains a large range of small dishes, including dumplings, rolls, cakes, meat, seafood, dessert, and vegetable preparations. There are more than one thousand dim sum dishes in existence today. People of Guangdong are fond of drinking tea in the morning or at lunch. So, they often eat dim sum during their tea parties for breakfast or lunch. It is a popular way to get together with friends and relatives or have social gatherings.

【小题1】Which dish has been recreated by foreigners?
A.Kung pao chicken.B.Sweet and sour   pork.
C.Char siu.D.Dim sum.
【小题2】What do the second dish and the third dish have in common?
A.They are fried meat.B.They need to be roasted.
C.They are sweet and spicy.D.They can be cooked with pork.
【小题3】What do we know about dim sum?
A.It is the most popular.B.It is abundant.
C.It is expensive.D.It is low-calorie.

We all scream for ice cream!

Ice cream may be universally appealing, but many countries have their own version of ice cream that’s often not called ice cream. Let’s learn about these tasty “ice creams” around the world and awaken your inner child!


● Raspado, Mexico

Raspados are the Mexican version of American snow cones (冰沙). But while snow cones are made using overly sweet syrup (糖浆), raspados have real fruits or fresh fruit juices. The sweet and cold treat is everywhere throughout Mexico and sold at street carts (手推车). You won’t find Mexicans eating their raspados in cones since they’re only served in cups.


 ● Kakigori, Japan

It may be made of ice, but kakigori, the Japanese version of ice cream, is most definitely not a snow cone. It melts in your mouth just like a creamy ice cream. Chefs make kakigori by shaving ice from ice blocks until it builds into a soft pile. Then, syrups of various flavors, like green tea, strawberry, grape and melon, are added to the ice. Kakigori is almost always served in a bowl, and it’s not unusual to find sweet shops offering toppings as the final touch, most commonly red bean paste or fresh fruit.


 ● Gelato, Italy

Pizza and pasta aside, gelato is considered to be Italy’s food symbol. In fact, visiting the local gelateria is a way of life for Italians. Italian gelato is lower in fat than traditional ice cream and is made with whole milk, eggs, sugar and flavoring — chocolate, hazelnut, pistachio (开心果) or vanilla (香草) ice cream mixed with pieces of chocolate are the most beloved flavors.


● Dondurma, Turkey

An ice cream that doesn’t melt? Yes, that’s exactly what dondurma or Turkish ice cream is. Dondurma has an elastic texture (弹性口感) and buying dondurma is like watching a performance. The men who sell it wear traditional Turkish clothes, twist and turn the ice cream until it lands into the cone to be served. Kids and adults get a kick out of the show.

【小题1】What do Raspado and Kakigori have in common?
A.They have an ice cream-like texture.B.They are usually sold at street carts.
C.They are made of real fruits.D.They are not served in cones.
【小题2】Which version of “ice cream” is greatly fitted into the social life of local people?
A.Raspado.B.Gelato.C.Dondurma.D.Kakigori.
【小题3】What is special about Dondurma?
A.Its popularity among people of all ages.B.Its unusual flavor combinations.
C.The interesting way it’s served.D.The low fat level it has.

Do you ever throw away food at home? Have you ever thought about what happens to the food that shops and supermarkets don't sell? Well,you might be shocked to find out that about one third of food produced for humans gets wasted. What's more,around 800 million people in the world don't live a healthy life for lack of food.

Many people in the UK and across the world are trying to do something with this situation. They are trying their best to make use of eatable food that is thrown away.

For example,there is a coffee bar in Leeds (UK) whose meals are all cooked with unsold food from supermarkets. The spare food is turned into delicious food to feed the hungry people of Leeds. Customers   just pay what they can afford or help the bar wash something. In just ten months,10,000 people were fed at this bar.

Besides,the UK's first food waste supermarket opened last year. The supermarket works on a “pay as you feel” basis. Customers pay whatever they want. Some low­income families have said that it has changed their lives.

“Fuel for School” is another food waste project. Spare food from supermarkets such as dairy,vegetables,fruit and bread is used to feed hungry schoolchildren whose families may not be able to afford to buy them lunch.

More coffee bars like Leeds are being opened in other parts of the UK such as Bristol and Manchester,and it is now becoming a worldwide event.

I think this is an amazing step as food waste is one of the world's biggest problems. I also believe that the law should be changed,so that supermarkets don't throw away so much good food.

【小题1】What does the author think of the coffee bar's action?
A.He thinks it very good.B.He is worried about it.
C.He is doubtful about it.D.He thinks it interesting.
【小题2】What's the goal of “Fuel for School”?
A.Help poor kids choose healthy food to eat.
B.Deal with bad food from supermarkets.
C.Make kids perform well in their study.
D.Feed students from poor families.
【小题3】Which of the following does the author advise?
A.We buy food based on our ability.
B.More coffee bars are opened in Leeds.
C.Restaurants offer children food for free.
D.Governments take action to reduce food waste.
【小题4】What is the best title of the text?
A.The Problem of Food Waste Should Be Solved
B.Fuel for School Offers Food to The Poor
C.Different Actions to Solve the Problem of Food Waste in UK
D.Spare Food From Supermarkets Is Thrown Away

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