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Do you know about bioplastic (生物塑料)? It is a kind of plastic. But it is different. Normal plastic is made from chemical materials and takes a very long time to degrade (降解). But bioplastic is good for the environment. It is made by using bacteria (细菌) to process natural sources like vegetable oils, corn or sugar. It can degrade more easily.

But there is a problem with bioplastic. The “food” that bacteria eat is also what we eat. This means that bacteria are competing against humans for the same resources.

Now scientists have found a new way to make bioplastic using two kinds of bacteria and sunlight, according to Newsweek.

One of the bacteria is called synthetic cyanobacteria (合成蓝藻), which can use sunlight to produce sugar. The other kind is Halomonas boliviensis (玻利维亚盐单胞菌), which lives in the salty waters of Bolivia. It eats the sugar that the first bacteria produce and then it can produce polymers (聚合物). Polymers are used to create bioplastics. The way the bacteria store polymers is similar to how humans store fats.

Producing bioplastic with these two bacteria has many advantages. It is 20 times faster than the normal way we produce bioplastic. Also, using these two bacteria saves resources.

First, producing large amounts of bioplastic requires corn and sugar, which are used to feed normal bacteria. And growing corn and sugar needs farmland. But these two special bacteria can just use sunlight. The land that is saved can be used to grow food for humans.

Besides, this process doesn’t need rich land or clean water at all, scientists said to Newsweek.

The next challenge scientists face is that they want to put their lab research into real-world practice. By doing this, bioplastic made with these two bacteria can be widely produced in the future.

【小题1】What’s special about the bioplastic compared to normal plastic?
A.It is easier to transport.B.It is easier to degrade.
C.It produces no waste.D.It uses more materials.
【小题2】What problem can bioplastic cause?
A.Humans might have less food to eat.
B.It helps spread harmful bacteria.
C.People are afraid to use bioplastic.
D.It leads to the overuse of chemical materials.
【小题3】What advantages can the new way of making bioplastic have?
A.It only requires farmland.B.It saves time and resources.
C.It helps kill harmful bacteria.D.Its process produces lots of fats.
【小题4】What is the main idea of the text?
A.Bacteria can be environmentally friendly.
B.Bacteria are competing with humans for resources.
C.Scientists introduced a new way to fight bacteria.
D.Scientists invented a better way of producing bioplastic.
23-24高一上·内蒙古乌兰察布·期末
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A Japanese telecom company has designed a robot that it says has emotions (情绪). But rather than run in fear from it, we’ve welcomed it into our homes: Pepper, the “emotional robots” sold out within a minute of going on sale.

Created by Aldebaran Robotics and Japanese mobile giant SoftBaok, Pepper went on sale to the general public in Japan on June 20. It is “the first humanoid (类人的) robot designed to live with humans,” Aldebaran says on its website. Pepper costs about $ 1,600. And like all good mobile products, there’s a $ 120 per month data fee, as well as an $80 per month damage insurance fee. According to a news report, Pepper can pick up on human emotions and create his own using a “multi-layer neural (神经的) network.” Pepper’s touch sensors and cameras are said to influence its mood, which is displayed on the tablet-sized screen on its chest.

Pepper will sigh when unhappy, and can go around your house recording your family’s daily activity. Aldebaran says Pepper can feel “joy, surprise, anger, doubt and sadness,” but it doesn’t say how strongly it can feel these emotions. What happens when Pepper is having a bad day? Will it, like many humans, become uncooperative? Will it ask for some time alone? What happens if it knows that its purpose in life is just to take part in small talk? Thankfully, Pepper is only about four feet tall, with roller balls instead of legs, so if it is angry with and even turns on its owners, you’ll be safe if you can make it upstairs.

Aldebaran says in reality, they’re probably quite a few years away from artificial intelligence that could create real emotions. Aldebaran wasn’t immediately able to tell when Pepper will be available out of Japan, but additional sales are scheduled for July after the first 1,000 units sell out. SoftBank currently uses the robots in its stores as greeters, and it plans to offer Pepper to other stores in the future. Hopefully “boredom” is not an emotion Pepper can feel.

【小题1】According to the author, Pepper       .
A.is very popular among customers
B.can not only run but also show fear
C.is going to be sold all over the world
D.can deal with many kinds of housework
【小题2】How much do you need to pay for Pepper’s data and damage insurance fee each year?
A.80 dollars.B.120 dollars.
C.1,440 dollars.D.2,400 dollars.
【小题3】Pepper s height and roller balls are mentioned to       .
A.introduce its appearanceB.tell Pepper won’t get angry
C.show that safety isn’t a big problemD.explain robots have strong emotions
【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Pepper cannot produce real emotions.
B.Pepper can feel joy, surprise and boredom.
C.Pepper will be sold in other countries next year.
D.Pepper is being used as waiters in some restaurants.
Robots that serve

Robots used to be found only in science fiction. In the 1960s, the animated (动画片的) space-age family the Jetsons had a robotic maid who could do household tasks. In the 2014 movie Big Hero 6, the robot Baymax could diagnose and heal illnesses instantly. 【小题1】 In the field of medicine, robot patients help train doctors and nurses by pretending they have a variety of health conditions. Now robots are finding a home in the food service industry.

The globally spread disease and resulting economic crisis have created a lack of restaurant workers. Since restaurants   don’t   have   enough   workers,   the   remaining     staff   must   work   harder. 【小题2】 Some businesspersons are lending a hand—a robotic hand—in the form of server robots. These robots are not exactly modeled after Rosey, the Jetsons’ robotic household servant, but they are pretty clever and very cute.

Server robots come in several different varieties. Many have a design that looks like a rolling cart. One model named Bella even has a cute cat-like face. Many are fairly short and shaped like R2D2 of Star Wars fame. They are designed to deliver dishes to customers in a restaurant. They are also just the right height for customers to easily reach them. 【小题3】 They can not only deliver delicious food to hungry customers, but also get back dirty dishes at the end of the meal.

【小题4】 Concerning the price, a server robot costs from a few thousand to several thousand dollars. And in 2021, a restaurant even rented one for as low as US$15 per day. Regarding safety, special sensors on the robots keep them from crashing into customers. Because there aren’t enough restaurant workers, filling positions with these robotic servers is a no-brainer. Don’t be surprised if you see one rolling up to your table soon.

A.Typically, their deliveries have to occur within 30 seconds.
B.Perhaps you’re wondering about issues such as the cost and safety factors.
C.In real life robots function in many manufacturing and household situations.
D.Regardless, customers face longer wait times, fewer menu choices and higher prices.
E.Server robots are planned to be given new functions, such as performing and holding conversations with customers.
F.Restaurant owners are finding server robots ideal for performing repetitive tasks, however many there are.

Scientists based in Japan’s Osaka University have found a way to 3D print wagyu beef (和牛) in a lab—a step they believe will one day help make widely available and sustainably-produced cuts of cultured meat that is very similar to original products.

Using cells that they took from wagyu cows, the Japanese scientists set out to create a structure with the special feature seen in wagyu beef that makes it different from other cuts of beef. By isolating beef cells, the scientists organized how muscles, fat and other cells should be placed. The researchers then shaped these tissues (组织) into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bioprinting (生物打印), where cell structures can be made to look like real tissues in living things. The researchers believe that the development could be a big step toward a sustainable future. Its origins from real meat also make it different from plant-based options.

“By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structures, but also make small adjustments to the fat and muscle components,” Michiya Matsusaki, one of the project’s researchers, said excitedly in a statement. Michiya added that with these adjustments, more customers might one day be able to order a cultured cut of meat with the amount of fat they like, tailor-made to their tastes and health concerns.

Wagyu beef is known to be extremely expensive, with high-grade wagyu fetching prices of up to $200 per pound and adult cows selling for more than $30, 000. In 2019, Japan’s wagyu exports ranked in a record high of $268.8 million in profits, up 20% from 2018.

While this might be the first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D-printed, other attempts have been made to bio-print steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering at the Israel Institute of Technology jointly bio-printed and cultivated a rib eye steak using real cow cells.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “cultured” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Nutritious.B.Educated.C.Man-made.D.Natural.
【小题2】What can we know about the printed wagyu beef according to paragraph 2?
A.It tastes exactly like real wagyu beef.
B.It uses real cow cells for the first time.
C.It has a cell arrangement decided by scientists.
D.It has already been sustainably produced by plants.
【小题3】What is the attitude of the Japanese researcher towards the future of 3D printed beef?
A.Positive.B.Neutral.C.Unclear.D.Negative.
【小题4】What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A.It is impossible to make meat to the need of the customers.
B.More researches are done to make 3D bio-printing mature.
C.Japanese scientists are the first in the world to bio-print steaks.
D.Reproducing more complex meal structures has already come true.

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