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Plenty of scientific work proves that children, and even adults, who learn sign language, gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users, but also in the wider academic world.

Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age tend to perform better academically. This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them. However, it is also because sign language is not, as many people mistakenly think, a system of gestures representing words, but a complete and complex language system. Thus, children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works, which will help in future studies.

Again, for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language, the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones. Firstly, learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community. Secondly, learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person, as he is able to communicate with someone who may struggle to do so. And the skills of language learning can easily be applied to learning other languages but also to other academic pursuits.

There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone — whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is. The social, cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly. And, especially with children, learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more — volunteering and other such work. This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace (接受) all people — not in spite of their differences but because of them.

【小题1】What is sign language according to the author?
A.It is a creative way of expressing ideas.B.It is a complete complex language system.
C.It is a primary language of disabled people.D.It is a system of gestures representing words.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Attempt.B.Experiment.C.Incident.D.Feedback.
【小题3】What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire?
A.Being competitive.B.Being courageous.
C.Being responsible.D.Being positive.
【小题4】What conclusion can we draw from the text?
A.Learning sign language brings people an advantage of finding a future job.
B.The numerous advantages of learning sign language should be taken seriously.
C.Non-deaf children should learn sign language due to the differences of the deaf people .
D.It’s unnecessary for non-deaf person who doesn’t know any deaf people to learn sign language.
23-24高二上·浙江嘉兴·期中
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Body language is the quietest, most secret and most powerful language of all.It is said that our body movements communicate about 50% of what we really mean while words themselves only do 7%.So while your mouth is closed, just it is your body language that is saying.

When it comes to body language at the office, you may be making some big mistakes that could cause you trouble.The following are some tips on what you should not do when using body language at your office.

Don't touch your co-workers, even if it's on the back of the arm or shoulder.Many of your co-workers are not comfortable with any body contact (接触) with others.Be careful not to touch anyone at your office.

Don't avoid eye contact.Eyes can speak.Lack of eye contact means cheat, and it can also point to no safety or lack of confidence.Trust and confidence are things you will communicate to the other person if you hold eye contact 50% of the time.

Don't have a bad handshake.You're going to show your kindness at once with a firm palm (手掌) to palm handshake.Showing the palms of your hands is an amiable gesture as it shows that you have a peaceful purpose.It means acceptance, and that you're open to new ideas.Be careful of the dead fish handshake.

Don't lean (倾斜) your head while listening to others.When listening to others, you should listen to him or her carefully with your head straight.For women especially, you think you are expressing interest by leaning your head when you are listening to others, but you actually come across as if you don't understand what's going on.

【小题1】What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.The importance of body language.
B.The development of body language.
C.The best way to communicate with others.
D.How to avoid making mistakes at the office.
【小题2】What can the underlined word “amiable” in Paragraph 5 be replaced with?
A.Common.B.Polite.
C.Friendly.D.Strange.
【小题3】What can it be known from the passage?
A.The stronger you shake hands with others the better.
B.Leaning   your head when listening expresses interest.
C.Leaning back and forward shows you are thoughtful.
D.Eye contact is very important in communication.
【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title for the passage ?
A.Pay Attention to Your Body Language at the Office
B.How to Get Along With Your Co-workers
C.The Meaning of Body Language You Should Know
D.Different Countries Have Different Body Language

Nail biting and hair pulling are two forms of body language. Both nail biting and hair pulling can be either conscious or subconscious body language gestures, each showing some interesting aspects of the character, emotion and inner working of the individual.

Nail biting is a non-verbal gesture. In adults it’s often a habit adopted and carried through from childhood and can become apparent in stressful situations throughout adulthood. To most people, nail biting is associated with nervousness and shyness and is an involuntary response to certain social situations. In many cases, it’s an adaptor behaviour that channels nervous energy, inactivity or boredom and doesn’t disturb normal functioning. In severe cases nail biting can become a repetitive behaviour that is intentionally performed. It can result in great physical damage.

So when we look deeper, in both adults and children, it has been suggested that severe nail biting is often referred to as a method of “self-heating”. This indicates that nail biting is a subconscious behaviour indicating increased anxiety and low self-confidence.

Hair pulling can indicate a number of emotions and behaviors. For example, children who bite their nails or frequently pull their hair may be nervous or have low self-confidence. Hair pulling may be a comforting action for a child who is tense and anxious, and may become habitual later in life in stressful situations. Routine and severe hair pulling can be a compulsive disorder that may be linked to genetics, anxiety and depression. It’s most commonly thought to be a stress-related condition.

However, hair puling is also another non-verbal body language that can signify different things in different situations. For example, in some situations, it can mean interest and desire. However, in other situations, it can suggest anxiety, incompetence, uncertainty or shyness.

【小题1】What does the text say about nail biting?
A.It doesn’t harm its doer physically.B.It stops its doer functioning normally.
C.It isn’t a gesture only made by children.D.It is a commonly used way to avoid shyness.
【小题2】According to the text, children who often pull their hair        .
A.may take no interest in somethingB.may feel quite sure of themselves
C.must suffer from lack of desireD.may not feel at ease at all
【小题3】The underlined word “signify” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “      “.
A.explainB.indicate
C.hideD.summarize
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.How to Read Forms of Body Language?
B.What Do Nail Biting and Hair Pulling Suggest?
C.How to Express Ourselves with Body Language?
D.What Are the Deep Meanings of Body Language?

Contrary to popular belief, looking at someone’s face alone is not enough to tell us whether they are shouting in celebration or screaming in frustration, researchers claimed. While people may believe they have the ability to read each other’s faces, body language is the real clue that shows whether the strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or negative.

In one study, groups of participants were shown a series of facial expressions such as tennis players photographed just after winning or losing a point.

In some cases the volunteers were able to see the player’s full body, but in others they were only shown either their face or their body with the other removed.

Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when shown the full picture or just the body, but their guesses were no better than chance when based on the face alone.

Those who were allowed to see the full image were convinced that they had made their judgment based on the players’ facial expressions even though results from the two other groups suggested otherwise.

The researchers carried out a second study where volunteers were shown a wider range of faces showing emotions including joy, pleasure, victory, pain and defeat.

Using photo editing software, the researchers attached the faces to bodies expressing the opposite emotions and asked participants to act out the emotions they saw in the photos.

The resulting poses(姿势) were like the body poses in the photographs but not the facial expressions, which means that people base their understanding of strong emotions on the body instead of the face.

Dr. Aviezer, who led the study, said, “These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions becomes unclear. The results may help researchers understand how the body interacts during emotional situations.”

【小题1】Nowadays, what do most people tend to believe?
A.Someone’s body language has an effect on his feeling.
B.Reading someone’s face alone cannot tell us his feeling.
C.Someone’s body language is the only clue to his feeling.
D.Someone’s feeling can be read by his facial expressions alone.
【小题2】In the first study, how many kinds of photos were shown to participants?
A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.
【小题3】What does the underlined phrase mean according to the passage?
A.Not clear.B.Always perfect.
C.Almost not correct.D.Quite different
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Facial expressions can reflect the emotions clearly.
B.Body language rather than facial expressions is the window of the soul.
C.Researchers link emotions to body language instead of eyes.
D.Two studies focus on the link between body language and facial expressions.

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