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The climate change has become an issue that no one can escape from. If the world wants to limit climate change, water shortage and pollution, we all need to choose “flexitarian” diets, say scientists.

This means eating mainly plant-based food, which is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all in 2050, they say. Food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve, according to the study. Without action, the impacts of the food system could increase by up to 90%. Fast on the heels of the landmark report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) comes this new study on how food production and consumption impact major threats to the planet.

The authors say that the food system has a number of significant environmental impacts including being a major driver of climate change, providing freshwater and reducing pollution through over use of nitrogen (氮) and phosphorus (磷).

The study says that thanks to the population and income growth expected between 2010 and2050, these impacts could grow between 50%~90%. This could push our world beyond its geographic boundaries. So when it comes to climate change, the authors looked at what they called a “flexitarian diet”.

“We can eat a range of healthy diets but what they all have in common, according to the latest scientific evidence, is that they are all relatively plant-based,’’ said lead author Dr. Marco Springmann from the University of Oxford.

“You can go from a diet that has small amounts of animal products; some might call it a Mediterranean-based diet; we call it a flexitarian diet. We tried to stay with the most conservative one of these which in our view is the flexitarian one, but even this has only one serving of red meat per week,” he added.

If the world moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions (排放) from agriculture would be reduced by more than half.

【小题1】What benefit will the new diets bring to the world?
A.The animals will be saved.B.People will need more water.
C.The climate change will stop.D.The pollution will be controlled
【小题2】What can be called a “flexitarian” diet?
A.Eat animal products every meal.
B.Eat plant-based vegetables every meal.
C.Eat mainly vegetables and never eat animal products.
D.Eat plant-based meal mainly and animal products sometimes.
【小题3】What will happen if the new diet is popular globally?
A.The climate will become warmer.B.The food consumption will increase.
C.People will have less greenhouse gas.D.People will produce more food waste.
【小题4】What is the attitude of the author to the new diet?
A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Opposed.D.Indifferent.
2023高二上·吉林通化·阶段练习
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We’re often told to follow our dreams, and one person in Canada has done just that after building a wonderland for animals. In his own backyard, the eight water features which Robert Perkins dug into the ground are now a shelter for birds, frogs, beavers (河狸) and other animals in the middle of suburban development. But for Perkins, creating habitat for wildlife is not only about doing his part to help the environment. It’s a labor of love for a woman he met when he was 16 years old.

Perkins met Rhonda in 1974 and the two of them hit it off. They both loved animals, and she always wished to have a place where they could live in harmony with the land. Rhonda, whom Perkins stayed with all his life, passed away in 2006. Perkins resolved to build a wonderland where her spirit could stay in peace.

Ignoring planning departments and neighbors alike, Perkins began digging large holes for water to flow. Over the course of nine years his property went from being a neighborly headache to a perfect home for wildlife.

Perkins says he won’t take all the credit for the wetland he built. When Perkins started creating the wildlife habitat in the early 2000s, a family of beavers got wind of it soon and claimed the land. “When we built our subdivisions, we cleared all the trees, dried the hills, drove all the water down to the lakes... In turn, the beavers helped dam (筑坝) and purify the water.”

Wetland habitats not only attract wildlife, but probably offer the most complete package of ecosystem services, including preventing pollution, enriching the soil, and promoting the well-being of wildlife species.

Perkins says he doesn’t need to wonder what Rhonda might think of the place; he feels her presence whenever he walks alone among the trees, the grass, and the ponds, looking at birds or beavers, and listening to the songbirds and frogs. Perkins hopes his project will one day become an educational place that local people can visit to learn about the importance of wetlands.

【小题1】Why did Perkins build the water features?
A.To fulfill his childhood dream.B.To show his love for his wife.
C.To preserve endangered wildlife.D.To adapt to suburban development.
【小题2】Which best describes Perkins’ wetland building process?
A.Effortless but creative.B.Discouraging but efficient.
C.Painful but influential.D.Demanding but rewarding.
【小题3】What can we infer about building the wetland from Perkins’ words?
A.Perkins had a strategic plan for it.B.Human’s role in it was overvalued.
C.Nature itself also played a part in it.D.Beavers were invited to help with it.
【小题4】What is Perkins’s expectation of the wetland?
A.To help spread his story.B.To be a recreational spot.
C.To bring economic value.D.To serve as an inspiration.

T. O. Fuller State Park in Memphis, Tennessee, has been loved for generations and has always been a ground where community has come first. Back in 1938, it was the first park east of the Mississippi river to open for African American visitors. Over 80 years later, the park is continuing its forward-thinking tradition, this time, through a pioneering sustainability project.

A new walking and biking trail has been built through this historic park. Illegally dumped (被丢弃的) tires are not only unpleasant to see, but they’re a dangerous addition to the environment. Rubber, like plastic, is a material that won’t naturally break down. In a place as hot as Tennessee, these dumped tires often begin to melt and release these harmful gasses into the air. Fortunately, the old tires were sent to Patriot Tire Recycling in Bristol, TN, the only facility in the area that can break down tires in an environmentally sound way. There, the collected tires were safely broken down into the crumble(碎屑) rubber that was eventually used to pave the new trail.

TN State Parks explained how the trail’s construction, which has been in development since 2019, was a joint effort. Officials from the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, the Tennessee Department of Transportation, the City of Memphis, Shelby County, and Memphis City Beautiful were all involved in funding this recycling project.

These officials named their initiative the “Tires to Trails” project. Workers from these departments, alongside some 450 volunteers, came together to collect over 24, 000 tires that had been illegally dumped in the area around the park to be recycled.

“This is a perfect example of recycling in full circle, collecting dumped material, then converting it into positive use,” David, a leader of the project, said in a statement.

【小题1】What kind of park is T. O. Fuller State Park?
A.It is a popular park with a good tradition.B.It is the first park welcoming all visitors.
C.It is a park west of the Mississippi river.D.It is a modern park without biking trails.
【小题2】Why are dumped tires a dangerous addition to the environment?
A.They are ugly to see.B.They release harmful gasses.
C.They are made up of plastic.D.They could only be used to pave the new trail.
【小题3】What does David mean in the last paragraph?
A.It is the park’s responsibility to recycle.
B.The park is built on dumped materials.
C.The park successfully recycled dumped tires.
D.It is possible to turn everything into useful things.
【小题4】Which of the following best presents the main idea of the passage?
A.A state park is making pioneering efforts to achieve sustainability.
B.A state park is to rebuild a trail in an innovative way.
C.Tires have been transformed into a new trail in a state park.
D.Officials and people worked together to recycle tires in a state park.

Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.

Chip waters drop off their empty bags from Doritos. Lays. and other favorites at two locations in Detroit:a print shop and a clothing store. where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding (衬垫) and liners (衬里) from old coats to line the insides.

It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof lightweight and easy to carry around”. Oleita told the Detroit News.

Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita — whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life —and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,”she says.

And, of course, there’s the symbolism of rescuing bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problem and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told hourdetroit.com, “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”

【小题1】What did Oleita ask the snack lovers to do with their empty chip bags?
A.To turn them into sleeping bags.B.To give them away to her.
C.To throw them into the trash.D.To donate them to the homeless directly.
【小题2】What do we know about the sleeping bag made by Chip Bag Project?
A.Its size is adjustable.B.It is only made of old coats.
C.It has the function of heatingD.It is portable.
【小题3】What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A.The aim of the project is more than social issues.
B.Poverty results from environmental problems.
C.Oleita’s project made 110 sleeping bags per month.
D.Oleita started the project mainly to raise money.
【小题4】Which words can best describe Oleita?
A.Hardworking and loyal.B.Talented and social.
C.Responsible and creative.D.Selfless and modest.

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