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When it comes to reading, we may be assuming that reading for knowledge is the best reason to pick up a book. Research, however, suggests that reading fiction may provide far more important benefits than nonfiction. It may be one of the best methods for building empathy (同理心), critical thinking and creativity.

High-level business leaders have long enthusiastically praised the virtues of reading. But they almost always recommend nonfiction. Reading nonfiction might certainly be valuable for collecting knowledge. However, research suggests that reading fiction predicts a sharper ability to understand other people’s motivations.

In addition, research suggests that reading literary fiction is an effective way to improve the brain’s ability to keep an open mind while processing information, a necessary skill for effective decision-making. In a 2013 study, researchers examined something called the need for cognitive closure (认知闭合), or the desire to “reach a quick conclusion in decision-making and an aversion to uncertainty and confusion”. Individuals with a strong need for cognitive closure rely heavily on “early information hints”, meaning they struggle to change their minds as new information becomes available. A high need for cognitive closure also means individuals are attracted to smaller bits of information and fewer viewpoints. Individuals who resist the need for cognitive closure tend to be more thoughtful, more creative, and more comfortable with competing narratives — all characteristics of high emotional intelligence.

University of Toronto researchers discovered that individuals in their study who read short stories (as opposed to essays) demonstrated a lower need for cognitive closure. That result is not surprising given that reading literature requires us to slow down, take in volumes of information, and then change our minds as we read. There’s no easy answer in literature. Instead, there’s only perspective-taking. As readers, we’ll almost certainly find Lolita’s narrator Humbert Humbert hateful, but we are forced to experience how he thinks, a valuable exercise for decreasing our need for cognitive closure.

【小题1】What does the second paragraph suggest about reading fiction?
A.It can’t help us to keep motivated.B.It helps us to gather knowledge.
C.It helps us to improve reading skills.D.It helps us to better understand others.
【小题2】What is the most possible meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 3?
A.Amazement.B.Desire.C.Dislike.D.Need.
【小题3】What do we know about people with a high need for cognitive closure?
A.They are unwilling to accept new things.
B.They rely a little on the help of others.
C.They are happy to accept new knowledge.
D.They are in no hurry to draw conclusions.
【小题4】What is the advantage of reading fiction according to the text?
A.It can hardly change our mind.
B.It can improve emotional intelligence.
C.It can increase the need for cognitive closure.
D.It can add the ability of literature appreciation.
22-23高一下·湖北·期末
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Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her 88-year-old father, who needed surgery.

What troubled her almost as much as his health was the fact that all day the two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. She and her father had always had good conversations, but now his once wide-ranging interests seemed to have shrunk to the size of the room. He talked about the terrible hospital food, the tests, the doctors, the diagnosis, the potential outcomes. “It is really hard to sit with a person in a hospital,” Khan says. “It feels like there’s nothing to talk about except their medical situation.”

That day in the hospital, her eye fell on a pile of books that people had brought as gifts. Her father had always been a reader, but lately he didn’t have the energy or focus. She picked up Young Titan, Michael Shelden’s biography of Winston Churchill, and started to read it out loud. “Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere,” she says. That afternoon, Khan read to her father for an hour. It was a relief and a pleasure for both of them. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father and help him in a situation that was otherwise out of her hands. Listening allowed the father to travel on the sound of his daughter’s voice, and back into the realm of mature, intellectual engagement, where he felt himself again.

“He’s in and out of the hospital a lot now,” Khan says, “and I always read to him. ”That may be just what the doctor ordered. In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors believed these improvements were in large part due to the “rich, varied, nonprescriptive diet of serious literature” that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry promoting focused concentration, and narratives of all sorts giving rise to thoughts, feelings, and memories.

【小题1】What do we know about Khan’s father from paragraph 2?
A.He stuck to a wide range of interests.B.He had no small talk with Khan.
C.His mood suffered quite a lot.D.All his hope was lost.
【小题2】Which statement is true?
A.Khan got inspiration from Young Titan.
B.Khan had specially prepared Young Titan for her father.
C.Reading was a win-win way for Khan and her father.
D.Khan’s father had had no interest in reading.
【小题3】Joining weekly read-aloud groups can benefit elderly adults in the following aspects EXCEPT     .
A.the tolerance of loneliness.B.the capability of socializing.
C.the relieving of anxiety.D.the promoting of concentration.
【小题4】What can we infer about the elderly adults’activity of group reading?
A.All kinds of literature worked equally.B.A specific kind of literature worked better.
C.It was the amount of reading that counted.D.It was the variety of reading that counted.

Sweden and its Nordic neighbors have some of the highest literacy rates (识字率) in the world. The Swedes view equal access to knowledge as important to an individual’s future success. This is true regardless of economic background and, clearly, geographic location.

Sweden has a floating library — the bokbaten — that brings thousands of books to people on dozens of remote islands in the Stockholm archipelago twice a year. Every spring and fall since 1953, the Stockholm Library Service rents a boat for a week, loads it with books, and charts a course for about 23 inhabited (有人居住的) islands.

When the boat pulls in, people climb aboard to return books they borrowed during the last visit and check out the library’s newest offerings. The boat carries about 3,000 books, and people can put in requests ahead of time. The three or four volunteer librarians who take turns working on the ship say that, as you might expect, the latest best-sellers are in high demand. There are picture books for children, popular thrillers, texts about history and science, cookbooks, and audiobooks, etc.

In addition to a library boat, Sweden also has library buses that bring books to people in rural communities. They also develop temporary (临时的) libraries in places such as stores and social gathering spots. The boat starts as a service for fishermen and island workers but expands to serve people who prefer to read hard copies of books over e-books or audiobooks. Since island people can order copies in advance, boxes of books are piled up in the boat waiting to be delivered.

The book boat is of great positive value for children and adults because they can in this way take part in the modern public library. The book boat has an important function as good public relations for the librarys services and has the effect of promoting reading not only in the archipelago but elsewhere.

Even in a nation of book lovers, the future of the floating library remains uncertain. If the Regional Library cuts funding for the boat, the bokbaten will be no more.

【小题1】What is the key to a person’s future success according to the Swedes?
A.Equal access to knowledge.
B.Economic background.
C.Geographic location.
D.Personal effort.
【小题2】What can we know about the book boat?
A.It has a promising future.
B.It is run by several official librarians.
C.It brings books to people many times a year.
D.It is popular among people of remote islands.
【小题3】What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the book boat?
A.Its positive role.
B.Its uncertain future.
C.Its great effect on kids.
D.Its difference from public libraries.
【小题4】In which section of a newspaper can we probably read the text?
A.Travel.B.Lifestyle.C.Business.D.Art.

Have you ever had one of those days when all you wanted to do was read an emotionally powerful story that would cause you to tears? Most of us tend to be attracted by stories that reach us on multiple levels, including sadness. There are plenty of books that make you cry (and sometimes laugh) and that you can really sink your teeth into. Here are four of them.


1. The Kite Runner

This realistic and moving description of life in Afghanistan accounts for the people who were badly affected by the Taliban. You’ll cry as you get to know the familial relationships and cruelty involved, but you’ll also get a sense of hope as you quickly read through this appealing novel.


2. The Book Thief

Let’s put it this way: Death itself is the narrator. The story is about a young girl named Liesel who has to live with foster parents during World War II. On the way to her new home, her brother dies, setting the gloomy tone for the story. There is hope, however, when Liesel discovers her love for reading and makes a relationship with a young Jewish man she helps hide from the Nazis.


3. The Fault in Our Stars

This is probably the most likely book on the list to make you cry, as it records the experiences of teens who are dying from cancer and living their last days in love. Their lifestyle is tragic and disturbing at the same time, as we watch their health worsen. The real tragedy is the love story between the main characters, who know that their romance is fruitless.


4. A Child Called “It”

Easily one of the saddest stories of abuse in recent decades, A Child Called It is based on the true story of Dave Pelzer, a boy from California who suffered at the hands of his cruel family. The tears will come from both sadness and the inspiration tied to Dave’s fight for survival in an environment where he is believed worthless.

【小题1】What do the four books have in common?
A.They are all about cruel wars.
B.They all probably make you cry.
C.They are all about suffering children.
D.They are all adapted from true stories.
【小题2】Which book is about a young victim whose family treated him cruelly?
A.The Kite RunnerB.A Child Called “It”
C.The Fault in Our StarsD.The Book Thief
【小题3】The passage is intended to __________.
A.advise us to buy some booksB.inspire us to read more
C.explain why we love readingD.introduce some moving books

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