The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government’s health budget（预算)be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.

Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.

One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.

In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.

However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.

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It’s easy to spot signs of physical suffering, but much emotional pain can be easily masked. 【小题1】 “We don’t tend to have conversations about mental well-being,” says Dr. Barbara Van Dahlen, a clinic psychologist. Simply asking someone “How are you” may just get “Fine, thank you”, says Van Dahlen. “It’s important to be aware of what could lead to somebody needing help they’re afraid to ask for,” she adds. The following are four signs a friend might need help.

【小题2】

If you sense something different about the way your friend is acting — maybe he’s not smiling much these days, for instance — trust your feelings and reach out. “Try saying, ‘I see these things. I care about you. Can I be of help?’”, Van Dahlen says.

He’s unusually unhappy or annoyed.

【小题3】 “It may take more than one time to follow up if you’re talking to someone who is upset,” Van Dahlen says, “but if a friend responds with anger, that could mean you’re onto something.”

He’s less put together than usual.

Drinking more and ignoring personal hygiene (卫生) can be signs that someone is in trouble. Don’t consider these behaviors are nothing. 【小题4】 He seems overwhelmed (压倒) by life.

No one is happy all the time, but if your once optimistic friend can’t find anything to be hopeful about, he may be having thoughts of worthlessness, sadness and something negative. “【小题5】” says Van Dahlen, “so that more people can get the help they need.”

The starting point of herd immunity (群体免疫) for COVID-9 is still uncertain , but many epidemiologists (流行病学家) believe it will be reached when between 60 percent and 80 percent of the population has been infected and develops resistance. A lower level of immunity in the population can slow the spread of a disease somewhat, but the herd immunity number                    represents the point where infections are generally less likely to turn into large outbreaks.

Studies that use the tests to examine only a small quantity of population, often called serology (血清学) surveys, are being undertaken around America and the world. The purpose of these new studies is to look for antibodies (抗体) in people’s blood, proteins produced by the immune system that indicate a past infection.

An advantage of the tests is that they can pick out people who may have been infected and didn’t know they were sick. A disadvantage is that the tests are sometimes wrong---and several studies, including a notable one in California, have been criticized for not taking the possibility of inaccurate results into consideration or for not representing the whole population.

While these studies are far from perfect, many countries, including parts of Sweden, are on track to achieve so-called herd immunity from the novel coronavirus-caused COVID-19 disease within weeks. In general, they give a better sense of how far the coronavirus has truly spread and its potential for spreading further. The starting point of herd immunity may differ from place to place, depending on factors like density and social interaction.