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阅读理解-阅读表达 适中0.65 引用1 组卷27
阅读表达

Tears are good for your eyes. In fact, without them, your eyes wouldn’t even be able to move. Some people say tears help us in other ways, too. Maybe you know someone who likes to watch sad movies in order to “have a good cry”. It hasn’t been proven, but tears may be good not only for your eyes but also for your emotional health as well.

We generally only notice tears when we cry, but we have them in our eyes all the time. Tears affect how we see the world while at the same time protecting our eyes from it. Without this liquid covering them, our eyes would be at risk of infection. In addition, we need tears in order to see. The cornea (角膜) of the eye does not have a perfectly smooth surface. Tears fill in the holes in the cornea and make it smooth so that we can see clearly. Without tears, the world would look very strange to us.

There are three types of tears, and they are called basal, reflex, and emotional tears. These three types are different not only in purpose but also in composition.

Tom Lutz, the author of Crying: The Natural and Cultural History of Tears, writes, “Throughout history, and in every culture, ... everyone everywhere cries at some time.” Even men and women who say they never cry can usually remember crying as children. Most of us probably think it’s normal for men or women to cry at certain times, and at such times, we may even encourage them to cry. For example, it’s no surprise when someone cries during a sad movie, and we often expect people to cry when a family member dies. However, we don’t always take this view of tears. Sometimes adults who cry — or even children who do — lose the respect of others. For example, what would you think of an adult who cried over losing a card game? Most people are aware of the social rules about when, where, and why it’s OK to cry. These rules generally differ for children and adults, and often for men and women. They depend on things such as family, culture, and religion, and they change over time.

Some people think it’s not just OK to cry but actually healthy to let the tears flow. Doctors in Greece over 2,500 years ago thought that tears came from the brain and that everyone needed to let them out. Today, many people still believe in getting tears out. They say that through crying, we get rid of emotions we have stored up, which is good for our mental health. Some people report that they feel better after crying. This could be because of the chemicals in emotional tears. One chemical is a type of endorphin, a painkiller that the body naturally produces. Emotional tears increase the amount of endorphin that gets to the brain because tears flow from the eye into the nose and pass to the brain that way. This painkiller may make a person less aware of sad or angry feelings, and that could explain why someone feels better after “a good cry”.



【小题1】When do we have tears in our eyes?
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【小题2】How do tears help us see clearly?
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【小题3】How many kinds of tears do we have?
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【小题4】Please list at least two things that are related to the social rules of crying.
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【小题5】In which country did doctors over 2,500 years ago believe that tears came from the brain?
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2022高二上·全国·竞赛
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Many people have the habit of browsing the Internet on their phones before going to sleep. Even though you might have important things to plan for the next day, this habit is actually very unhealthy.

There are a number of studies and researches about the effects of the longer use of mobile phones at night. One of these is about the health and well-being of humans, which shows negative findings about this kind of subject. Mobile phones’ radiation has become popular to those who are always aware of its damaging and harmful effects that can actually harm people in the long run. This issue is extremely alarming and disturbing; especially when the radiation happens to someone, it becomes seriously dangerous. The blue lights from your mobile phones contain numerous severe health issues.

Blue lights have been included in the light spectrum(光谱) which is commonly a group of colors in the ray of light and it only shows that there is no difference between exposing to the sun and using our mobile phones, because they both contain blue lights. In some way, being exposed to that kind of light at night is extremely harmful to the eyes.

Such light at night results in disturbing sleep and increasing the risk of cancer. Melatonin(褪黑激素) is the natural weapon of the body in fighting against cancer. However, it is being blocked by the blue lights. If this happens once, it might become a big health problem, so you have to put in mind that using mobile phones continuously at night leads to severe health issues.

It is not really that bad to use your mobile phones at night if there is an emergency or an urgent need to use it. The important thing is to just minimize your time with your mobile phone for your entire health.

【小题1】What do researchers think may make the longer use of phones at night more harmful?
A.Exposure to the sun.B.Radiation.C.Disturbing sleep.D.Melatonin.
【小题2】Why is exposure to the sun similar to using mobile phones?
A.Blue lights from them do harm to our eyes.
B.Their lights are made up of the same color.
C.The light from them is called the light spectrum.
D.They both have bad effects on our health.
【小题3】What will happen if melatonin fails to work properly?
A.We will be disturbed by depression.
B.We are bound to be infected with cancer.
C.We may be troubled by some health problems.
D.Melatonin will fight against blue lights.
【小题4】What can we learn from the passage?
A.There will be more studies about using phones.
B.It is harmful to frequently browse the Internet.
C.More bad habits are connected with using phones.
D.We should limit phone use before bedtime.
          

Singles' Day ---- the Chinese opposite of Valentine’s Day has turned into a massive online shopping event. It is a day when single people are supposed to buy themselves presents. But there are sociological reasons behind China's “celebration” of single life. And the imbalance could have big consequences for the country.


            There were 34 million more men than women in China in 2011. Part of that is natural – usually there are 105 boys born for every 100 girls. But the Chinese gender ratio (性别比例) at birth is much more obvious. It was 116 boys to 100 girls in 2012. The one child policy is largely to blame. Brought in to limit population expansion, the policy allows only one child per family. But because male children are seen as more valuable, as well as more likely to support their parents in old age, some parents choose to have a son over a daughter. The result is that large numbers of men will likely never get married. In fact, one study has predicted that by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese men in their 30s will never have married, while another states that 94% of unmarried people in China are men.
            Traditionally, China h as seen high levels of marriage, usually among the young. Besides, the increased education and career opportunities for women have meant that marriages are happening later. It is also traditional that women often marry men of a higher socioeconomic status than themselves. So women at the top and men at the bottom find themselves alone. One study has even suggested a link between an imbalanced gender ratio and growth in violent crime in the country.
            Singles’ Day can’t solve all the problems China’s singles face. Indeed, it is possible that it is causing even more problems, as men resort to increasingly risky lines of work to increase their chances of gaining money and thus a wife. I am worried that as money starts to overcome romance, there is evidence that China ' s marriage market is increasingly materialistic.
【小题1】In 2012, if 50 girls were born, how many boys were probably born?
A.50.B.52.C.58.D.60.
【小题2】What made women in China get married late?
A.Their support of the government’s late marriage policy.
B.Their higher education level and more work chances.
C.That they expect to enjoy their single time when young.
D.That there are too many excellent young men to choose from.
【小题3】What’s the writer’s attitude to the imbalance gender ratio in China?
A.OptimisticB.Concerned
C.IndifferentD.Unknown
【小题4】We can learn from the passage that .
A.Singles' Day is celebrated all over the world.
B.by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese women in their 30s will be out of marriage.
C.an imbalanced gender ratio is related to the growth in violent crime.
D.Singles' Day will solve all the problems China’s singles face.

Are you good with your hands? Many of us like to make things which we can use or give as gifts. Crafting is certainly a hobby that's seen a rebirth, and those who pursue it claim getting creative improves their mood.

The recent lockdowns caused by the Covid pandemic gave people time at home to try out new activities, which they've continued to enjoy. Many turned to hobbies such as craft making as a way to reduce their work-from-home burnout. Weaving, pottery and painting are all crafts that have seen a revival (再度流行) , and many of them are being done by younger people.

But even before the pandemic, people were turning to arts and crafts as an interesting pastime and even a way to make a bit of pocket money. Numerous websites, such as Etsy and Folksy, allowed people to sell their handmade goods. Richard Sennett, author of the Craftsman, told the VOA that: "A lot of people are finding their day jobs pretty empty, whereas learning a craft provides a real satisfaction. It's a skill-things like carpentry and weaving are mentally and physically stimulating, and people get inherent pleasure out of that kind of work".

The Internet has also been the place to turn to buy craft series which help you get started with your craft-making projects, such as candle making or macrame(编绳).But many people are enjoying designing and making things from scratch and are doing it just for pleasure or to occupy their minds-and there's evidence that it's good for us as well. According to research commissioned by VOA, even the briefest time spent on a creative pastime such as painting, pottery or playing the piano, has an impact on our wellbeing and emotions. The survey of around 50,000 people found being creative can help avoid stress, free up mind space and improve self-development, which helps build self-esteem.

So, if you're looking for the perfect stimulant for your stressed-out life, maybe now's the time to get creative.

【小题1】Which activity is mentally and physically stimulating according to Richard Sennett?
A.Carpentry.B.Photograph.C.Website.D.Writing.
【小题2】Why have people recently had more time to pursue craft activities?
A.Growing numbers of people are out of work.
B.Many younger people are keen on making gifts.
C.The recent lockdowns were caused by the Covid pandemic.
D.Videos in all sorts of websites drew people's attention.
【小题3】What is doing craft good for according to a VOA survey?
A.Making a big sum of money.
B.Making more friends.
C.Having a deep impression on us.
D.Having an impact on our wellbeing and emotions.
【小题4】What is the author's attitude toward the creative pastime?
A.Indifferent.B.Supportive.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.

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