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It’s 1: 45 a.m, and 21-year-old Thomas Murphy is studying for an important exam. To stay awake, he’s had two cups of coffee in the last three hours and is now downing a popular energy drink which also has caffeine.

Caffeine is present in many of the foods and drinks we consume (消耗), but is it good for us? Charles Czeisler, a scientist and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School, believes that caffeine causes us to lose sleep. “Without enough sleep — the typical eight hours -the human body will not work at its best, physically, mentally, or emotionally.” Too often, Czeisler says, we consume caffeine to stay awake, which later makes it impossible for us to get the rest we need.

A number of scientists believe that regular caffeine use causes physical dependence. Heavy caffeine users show similar behaviors. For example, they get mild to severe headaches, or they feel tired or sad when they can’t have a caffeinated drink. To reduce or stop these feelings, users must consume caffeine, which is characteristic of drug addiction.

Despite these concerns, the general opinion in the scientific field is that caffeine is not dangerous when one or two small cups of coffee per day are consumed. Furthermore, a lot of current research goes against long-held negative beliefs about caffeine, and suggests that it may, in fact, have health benefits. For example, studies have shown that caffeine can help ease pain and help improve one’s mood. Research has also shown that some caffeinated drinks can help the body fight a number of illnesses, including certain types of cancer.

Caffeine’s behavioral effects are real, but most often mild. Getting that burst of energy, of course, is why many of the world’s most popular drinks contain caffeine. Whether it’s a student drinking coffee before class or a businessperson enjoying tea with lunch, humankind’s favorite stimulant (兴奋剂) is at work every day, all over the world.

【小题1】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “downing” in paragraph 1?
A.Holding.B.Decreasing.C.Drinking.D.Waking.
【小题2】Which statement would sleep expert Charles Czeisler probably agree with?
A.The type of caffeine will affect people’s sleep.
B.Heavy caffeine consumption will cause drug addiction.
C.It’s a good idea to consume caffeine if people want to stay energetic.
D.Regular caffeine use will make it difficult for people to get enough sleep.
【小题3】What is the text mainly about?
A.The risks of caffeine intake.B.The effects of consuming caffeine.
C.Healthy and unhealthy caffeine products.D.Recent changes in caffeine consumption.
【小题4】What is the author’s attitude towards caffeine consumption?
A.Worried.B.Doubtful.C.Objective.D.Unconcerned.
23-24高一上·浙江·期中
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Do you find yourself reaching for just one more cup of coffee to get through the day? Are you tired of being tired ? Instead of relying on things like coffee or sugar for energy, get happy by eating more foods that give you energy through nourishment. Here are four foods that can help improve your energy levels.


Hemp Seed

A complete protein, rich in fiber and omega-3s, hemp is a great low-glycemic (低胰岛素) addition to any diet. The glycemic index (GI) is a measurement of how fast the carbohydrates in food are broken down into glucose (葡萄糖) and how much it will affect your blood sugar. Fiber, fat and protein all lower the GI of a food, which is why hemp seeds (along with nuts, seeds, whole grains and legumes)are low-glycemic. Look for hemp seed oil for salad dressing, and hemp seeds to be added into salads.


Soaked Almonds

Raw almonds are nutrient dense, and soaking them releases(释放) higher nutrition potential. Soaking increases vitamin levels and removes the enzyme (酶) inhibitors that slow down digestion. I soak my almonds in water overnight (at least eight hours) and then dry them.


Quinoa

It is 20-percent protein, making it a balanced source of carbohydrates. Even though you feel like you're too busy to make home-made meals, quinoa is a fast food that cooks in less than 15 minutes.


Green Tea

Caffeine from green tea feels steadier and less sharp than the spike and crash with caffeine from coffee. This is likely because green tea contains L-theanine, a kind of acid found in tea that helps promote relaxation.

【小题1】The writer wrote the passage in order to______.
A.introduce four foods making people energetic
B.find reasons why people need some coffee
C.reach for something to get through the day
D.tell people way of keeping fit
【小题2】Why did the almonds get soaked?
A.It helped increase the enzyme.B.It helped unlock the nutrition.
C.It helped make digestion slow.D.It helped lock nutrient dense.
【小题3】From the fourth paragraph we can know quinoa_______.
A.is rich in proteinB.includes much fiber
C.can be served quicklyD.has less sharp flavor

You’re stuck in a sea of standstill traffic when it begins: hunger pangs, the kind that release a steady stream of fast food fantasizing. With your grumbling stomach growing louder, your options are limited: You can wait a few hours for the roadways to clear or pull a Michael Douglas in the movie Falling Down, leaving your car idling on the freeway while you set off on foot (please don’t do this).

Now Burger King, is betting that hungry drivers will welcome a third option: a direct-to-driver; delivery concept the company has labeled the “Traffic, Jam Whoopper.

Reached by email, Gustavo Lauria, co-founder of the advertising agency We Believers, which developed the vehicle delivery concept said the new approach allows the burger chain to capitalize on a time of day in which the city’s terrible traffic typically slows business. “This was an opportunity for Burger King to generate new profits out of those hungry drivers,” Lauria added.

Lauria claims Burger King is the first fast food brand to deliver food to people in the middle of a traffic jam. In Mexico City, the company said, delivery drivers are already receiving an average of 7,000 orders per day, mostly to homes and offices. To make the traffic jam delivery process possible. Burger King’s Mexico app activities the service after identifying crowded areas in Mexico City during periods of high traffic. Customers can only place an order if the app determines that the driver will be locked in traffic for at least 30 minutes and they are within a 1.8-mile distance of a Burger King restaurant, the company said.

Early on, Lauria wrote, the initiative was met with skepticism. The challenges were complex: making sure real-time geolocation data was accurate enough, and the creation of a hands-freeway to take orders on cellphones in a country that has adopted serious punishment for drivers who use cellphones behind the wheel.

Though the company did not offer a timeline, Burger King says it expects to rollout the Traffic Jam Whopper in other overcrowded cities, such as Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Shanghai.

【小题1】What does the “Traffic Jam Whopper” (paragraph 2) refer to?
A.A proposal intended to ease the traffic jam during peak hours.
B.An initiative which allows drivers to have food delivered directly to their cars.
C.A platform which makes it convenient for drivers to order food via cellphones.
D.An association supervising whether drivers are observing traffic rules.
【小题2】Burger King is launching the Traffic Jam Whopper mainly to________.
A.promote its corporate culture
B.make a shift in its sales pattern
C.achieve an increase in its profit
D.expand its business into more cities
【小题3】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The Traffic Jam Whopper poses a threat to the safety of pedestrians.
B.Drivers will be allowed to type on their cellphones during traffic jams.
C.Technological barriers may block the traffic jam delivery process.
D.Drivers can instantly choose to activate Burger King’s app.
【小题4】Burger King is                   about the Traffic Jam Whopper.
A.CautiousB.confidentC.doubtfulD.concerned

According to a survey, the waste of food on the dining table occupies 10% of the total grain output. Last week Meituan co-published a suggestion with a number of business organizations, calling on restaurants to stop food waste and help develop new eating habits for customers. “Restaurants should use official accounts on social media and live-streaming to promote and advocate food-saving actions,” the proposal said.

Meituan and the organizations are advocating that merchants offer guidance for consumers, including reminding them during the ordering process about the taste of the ingredients, portion sizes and other information about the dishes, to help them avoid food waste due to misleading information.

Catering associations (餐饮机构) in more than 18 provinces have also joined the campaign to remove food waste. The Wuhan Catering Association advised an “N-1” ordering code for restaurants ,where a group of 10 diners would only order enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required. It has inspired people to rethink their relationship with food and waste.

On Friday, the China Cuisine Association announced that it had teamed up with Ele. me, a food delivery platform, to launch a “half-dish plan”, encouraging restaurants to provide customers with the option to order smaller portions. Besides, customers are encouraged to take their leftovers home.

To reduce food waste on social media platforms, some popular video platforms have stepped up content reviews of food-related live streams and implemented regulation of online eating shows. Now, if users search certain keywords, such as “eating show” or “competitive eaters”, a cautionary message pops up to remind them to cherish (珍惜) food and keep a reasonable diet.

【小题1】What is the purpose of the suggestion mentioned in the passage?
A.To monitor food sales on social media and live-streaming.
B.To expand the business and competitive ability of Meituan.
C.To encourage restaurants to take measures to reduce food waste.
D.To promote cooperation between Meituan and other organizations.
【小题2】How is Paragraph 3 developed?
A.By doing a survey.B.By offering analysis.
C.By making comparisons.D.By giving an example.
【小题3】What is the suggestion for consumers in the passage?
A.Buying their favorite food.B.Buying proper amounts of food.
C.Following some competitive eaters.D.Leaving their leftovers in the restaurant.
【小题4】What does the underlined phrase “pops up” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Appears unexpectedly.B.Spreads widely.
C.Moves quickly.D.Fades slowly.

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