Mariah Reading is an environmentalist, who grew up with an early appreciation for nature. While studying art at Bowdoin College, she saw the vast amounts of_______from her painting and sculpture classes. She began to seriously consider her footprint as a(n)_________“How can I paint landscapes if I’m _________them?” she thought. Then she started using the refuse as her canvas (画布).

After graduation, Mariah travelled throughout the country,_________ rubbish to bring to her studio. One day, a_________ hubcap (轮毂盖) she found by the side of the road gave her a new ___________ . She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to_________the line of the mountain range that she was in. So she_________ the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real _________ and took a photo. It became the first in her __________ series.

Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish and photographed her transformations__________matching real-life landscapes. It’s like __________ new life into forgotten objects. Her practice__________the principle of “leaving no trace” by __________ painting with sculpture and photography.

Mariah hopes people see themselves and their own habits __________ into her works and make small changes in their everyday lives.

Laura encourages her two kids to make crafts and drawings from old bits of packaging. She began _________ her family’s waste when she moved house and decided that she would leave all single-use _________ behind.

“It’s cheaper and you know that the item will _________ being used instead of being set aside — so it’s just perfect! Each of us play a big _________ in taking care of the environment. It’s _________ to try to help rather than just keep complaining about the current situation.”

Any glass container is _________ and repurposed for something else. This means that the family only send a piece of _________ to landfill every two weeks on average. She tries not to buy any plastic at all, but when she does, she will get it _________ washed and recycled.

The family also grow their own tomatoes, lettuce, and some other vegetables in the garden, and have orange trees outdoors. Laura has also _________ herself in a community of friends who __________ items with each other that they need, like furniture or plates.

She said, “We tried to use the minimum __________ and take over some toys and baby equipment from friends and relatives. If we really had to __________ anything, first we tried at the __________ market.”

To help educate her kids, Laura takes them out on nature walks to the forest where they __________ rubbish as they go. “They enjoy this __________, because they know it’s better for the environment,” she said.

Windbreaks (防风林) help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind damaging or destroying _______ . Windbreaks can be _______ valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of   West Africa. These studies found that grain _______ were twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks than in fields _______ them.

But here is something _______ about windbreaks. They seem to _______ best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a _______ . If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will _______ the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.

For this reason, a windbreak is most effective if it _______ only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a ________ line. An easy rule to ________ is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the ________ of the tallest trees in the windbreak.

There should be at least two ________ in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees or other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Studies have shown that some kinds of trees can grow well ________ the quality of the land is not very good. One kind of the trees is the white pine. Another is the loblolly pine. Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus (多余的) trees can be cut down and used or sold for money. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being ________ And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. They can provide animals with shade from the sun.