Mice are at their best at night. But a new analysis suggests researchers often test the nightly creatures during the day, which could alter results and create ________ across various studies, if they record time-of-day information ________. Scientists assume that waking up lab mice in the daytime may twist research.
Of the 200 papers examined in the new study, more than half cither failed to report the timing of behavioral testing or did so ________. On the contrary, they found only 20 percent reported ________ testing. The analysis was published in Neuroscience & Bio-behavioral Reviews.
West Virginia University neuro-scientist Randy Nelson, the study's lead author, says this is likely a matter of human ________. “It is easier to get students and schools to work during the day than at night,” Nelson says. But that advantage ________.
“Time of day not only impacts the intensity of many ________, including mice activity, aggressiveness of their behavior, and hormone levels,” but changes in those factors can only be ________ during certain parts of the daytime cycle, says University of Wyoming behavioral neuro-scientist William D. Todd. This means that “failing to report time of day of data collection and tests makes ________ of results extremely difficult,” adds Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center staff scientist Natalia Machado. Neither Todd nor Machado was involved in the new study.
________, the study researchers say it is critical that scientists report the timing of their work and consider the fact that animals' behavioral and physiological responses can ________ with the hour. As a first step, Nelson says, “obviously, taking time-of-day into consideration seems like ________ fruit in terms of line assing behavioral neuroscience research reliability, reproducibility and rigor (严谨性)
University of Calgary psychologist Michael Antle, who was also not involved in the analysis, says such differences in how studies are run ________ a “reproducibility crisis” in science, with other laboratories unable to ________ study results. “Running a study at the wrong time,” he says, “could lead to us completely ________ a finding altogether.”
【小题1】A.immobility | B.originality | C.inconsistency | D.credibility |
【小题2】A.exclusively | B.precisely | C.generally | D.honestly |
【小题3】A.directly | B.personally | C.reliably | D.unclearly |
【小题4】A.everyday | B.quality | C.physical | D.nighttime |
【小题5】A.security | B.convenience | C.intelligence | D.privacy |
【小题6】A.comes at a cost | B.comes to the point | C.comes into being | D.comes to an end |
【小题7】A.operations | B.effects | C.subjects | D.variables |
【小题8】A.indicated | B.required | C.recorded | D.proposed |
【小题9】A.interpretation | B.expectation | C.suspicion | D.distribution |
【小题10】A.Vice versa | B.In comparison | C.For example | D.Therefore |
【小题11】A.occur | B.diversify | C.improve | D.vary |
【小题12】A.low-hanging | B.high-demanding | C.bitter-tasting | D.long-standing |
【小题13】A.belong to | B.contribute to | C.result from | D.go through |
【小题14】A.recreate | B.modify | C.stimulate | D.predict |
【小题15】A.presenting | B.examining | C.missing | D.confirming |