Leonardo da Vinci is remembered as many things — artist, inventor, and scientist. “Boozer”, however, is rarely included on the great man’s introduction. That might change now that scientists have brought back into use da Vinci’s own vineyard (葡萄园).

Da Vinci was a great lover of wine. So much so that Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan, offered him a vineyard as payment for “the Last Supper”, which he painted for the refectory (餐 厅) of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan in 1498. It survived for centuries after his death, until it was destroyed by a fire in 1943.

With it was lost any hope of looking for inspiration from the same source that once encouraged the painter of “Mona Lisa”. That is, until 2007, when Luca Maroni, an oenologist, decided to dig the site in the hope that some vine roots had survived the fire. He teamed with Attilio Scienza, an expert on viniculture, and Serena Imazio, a geneticist, and they began to dig. Finding some roots, the team subjected them to testing at the Università degli Studi in Milan. In 2009 they recognized da Vinci’s grapes as Malvasia di Candia Aromatica, a variety that is still grown in Italy today.

That discovery set off having some fun in da Vinci’s vineyard. Dr. Imazio searched Italy to find grapes similar to the roots, bringing them back to Milan and copying the original layout of the vineyard. Located in the gardens of the Casa degli Atellani, just two minutes’ walk from “The Last Supper”, it has been open to visitors since 2015.

The vineyard produced its first harvest in September 2018. Now, after a long wait, da Vinci’s wine is ready to drink. The first 330 bottles, based on a design found in da Vinci’s Codex Windsor, will be sold later this year. For those not lucky enough to buy a bottle, the vineyards of the nearby Castello di Luzzano, also thought to have been owned by the Duke of Milan, produce a wine made from the same type of grape and inspired by da Vinci. You can enjoy a glass after a pleasant walk through his vineyard.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says people around the world are eating more sugar. As a result, health problems related to weight gain and tooth damage are increasing. Sugary foods and drinks also weaken the bone.

The WHO finds that, on average, the amount of sugar in the foods we eat has risen about 10 percent over the past 10 years. But it has risen at a faster rate in some areas.

In the Middle East and North Africa, sugar intake (摄入) has risen about 15 percent over the past 10 years. In some Asian and Pacific countries, sugar intake is 20 percent higher. And in South America, people eat more sugar than anywhere else in the world.

Francesco Branca is director of the WHO’s Department of Nutrition for Health. He said, “In South America, it is about 130 grams per person, per day, so much more than twice the WHO’s recommendations, but we also have some parts of the world where the intake is still low, such as in Equatorial and Southern Africa, where it is about 30 grams per person, per day.”

Mr. Branca says reducing the sugar intake can be difficult because so many cooks and food­makers add sugar. He says researchers found that 80 percent of the food items in the US markets included some kind of sugar.

The WHO is calling on governments to take measures to reduce the sugar intake. It advises taxing (对……征税) products with a lot of sugar and requiring food­makers to list how much sugar is added to their products. Another advice is to restrict (约束) marketing of sugary foods and drinks to children.

However, the WHO says it is fine to eat foods that naturally have sugar, such as fresh fruits, vegetables and even milk.

They're unpleasantly sweet, nutritionally empty, and increasingly subject to taxation. More than 35 states and seven cities in the US now introduce a tax on soda(碳酸饮料)and other sugar-sweetened drinks.【小题1】

Public health researchers and organizations see these taxes as low-hanging fruit in the battle against being overweight and the health problems such as diabetes(糖尿病)that often come with it. In the United States, nearly 40 percent of adults are overweight.【小题2】But the widespread consumption of foods packed with added sugars plays a major role, and drinks account for nearly half the added sugar in the American diet.

"It's really hard to rid the behaviors. And taxes are one of the most influential policies to move the needle on unhealthy eating habits," says Christina Roberto, a behavioral scientist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.【小题3】Many public health researchers say   there's a good reason to think they can relieve the harms of sugary drinks, too.

At the same time, some argue that soda taxes might not have the influence on public health.【小题4】Or, they could switch to other unhealthy foods. Or, in some cases, they could simply buy their soda in a neighboring city that doesn't tax them.

While supporters acknowledge that such small price increases are unlikely to discourage occasional(偶尔)soda drinkers, those aren't the people at greatest risk. The hope is that taxes will lead to a reduction in consumption by people with more serious habits.

【小题5】But an increasing body of research suggests that the taxes have already reduced consumption of sugary drinks in some areas-an encouraging and vital step.