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Sea ice in the Antarctic (南极) area fell to a record low this year. The drop is a result of rising temperatures worldwide. And there is no quick method to make up for the ice drop, and the recovery (恢复) has a long way to go, scientists said recently in a new study.

Antarctica’s smallest summer ice cover fell further to a new low in February. This year’s sea ice minimum (最小值) is 20 percent lower than the average (平均值) over the last 40 years. The sea ice loss equals an area nearly 10 times that of New Zealand.

The warming of Earth’s surface driven by the burning of coal, gas and oil has made Antarctica more likely to suffer from extreme (极端的) events. And the result is almost “certain” to get worse, the study said. Climate change will “lead to increases in the size and rate”of heat waves, broken ice shelves and drops in sea ice, it said.

The effects of the Earth’s warming on Antarctica and the surrounding ocean have been uncertain. Scientists have had problems measuring how much the Earth’s warming is altering the thickness of Antarctic ice.

But from events such as the fast drop in sea ice, it is “scientifically reasonable” to suppose that extreme events are going to become worse as temperatures rise worldwide, said Martin Siegert of the University of Exeter, another study co-writer.

Siegert described the temperature increase as completely surprising. Siegert added that luckily the event had happened during the Antarctic winter, instead of summer, or it would have caused melting (融化) on the surface of the East Antarctic ice cover, which has so far been saved from melting.

Siegert used the term “fragile”, meaning easily broken or damaged, to describe Antarctica. “Antarctica is fragile as an environment, but extreme events test that fragility,” he said.

【小题1】What do the scientists think of the recovery of Antarctic sea ice?
A.It is hopeful.B.It is difficult.
C.It is on its way.D.It can’t be prevented.
【小题2】Why does the author mention New Zealand?
A.To explain the size of sea ice loss.B.To show the position of ice cover.
C.To describe how far Antarctica is.D.To state sea ice is connected to New Zealand.
【小题3】What does the underlined word ”altering“ in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Adding.B.Pressing.
C.Changing.D.Protecting.
【小题4】What might have caused worse results according to Siegert?
A.Antarctic sea ice is recovering too slowly.
B.The Antarctic ice cover is continuously moving.
C.The environment of Antarctica is easy to break.
D.Extreme events happen in Antarctic summer.
23-24高一上·湖南·阶段练习
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The World's Deadliest Beaches

Dangerous sea creatures, big waves, and air pollution are just some of the many things you need to take caution to when visiting the world's deadliest beaches.

Cape Tribulaton, Australia

Cape Tribulaton is said to be unsafe due to its huge amount of dangerous animals. There are tons of jellyfish and it is not safe to swim near the mouths of the rivers because of crocodile warnings. Poisonous(有毒的) snakes and cassowaries have also been found. According to The Cairns Post, a 46-year-old woman is believed to have been taken by a crocodile while swimming at Thornton beach, a beach in Cape Tribulaton.

Gansbaai, South Africa

Also called “Shark Alley”, this beach is known as the world of the great white sharks. It is so filled with sharks that they have actually created shark tours for tourists. Locals claim that visitors have a 99 percent chance of seeing a great white between April to September. In 2011 a man going diving was attacked by two sharks. His body never returned to the surface.

Nazare, Portugal

Also known as “Portugal's Monster”, Nazare is a wonderful vacation destination with some of the biggest and deadliest waves ever surfed. “In Nazare,” a Hawaiian surfer told Time, “the ocean is known as a place of death, not of riding waves.” Nazare's waves are created much larger due to the Nazare Canyon. They are so dangerous that big -wave surfer Maya Gabeira was nearly killed during a wipeout in 2013.

Snake Island, Brazil

Snake Island, also known as Ilha de Queimada Grande, is home to the “world's deadliest snake”—the golden lancehead viper. Its poison is said to easily melt human flesh. Access to this island has been banned due to people being killed in the past.

【小题1】What can we do in Gansbaai according to the text?
A.Observe jellyfish.B.Feed sharks.
C.Swim safely.D.Enjoy shark tours.
【小题2】What kind of risk do people face in Nazare?
A.Big waves.B.Crocodiles.
C.Air pollution.D.Poisonous fish,
【小题3】Where are people at the great risk of snakes?
A.In Gansbaai and Ilha de Queimada Grande.
B.In Cape Tribulaton and Portugal's Monster.
C.In Cape Tribulaton and Ilha de Queimada Grande.
D.In Portugal's Monster and Ilha de Queimada Grande.

A powerful earthquake hit Morocco, killing thousands of people and causing huge damage over a large area.

The earthquake struck around 11 pm on Friday night. It was not only one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded in Morocco, but also the country’s deadliest earthquake in over 60 years. So far, the earthquake is reported to have killed over 2,900 people. The earthquake was especially precarious as it happened at night, when most people were asleep at home.

The center of the earthquake was in the Atlas Mountains, about 72 kilometers southwest of Marrakesh, a large city popular with tourists in the center of Morocco. Fortunately, many of its modern buildings survived the earthquake. However, the old part of the city, called the Medina, whose buildings are over 1,000 years old, was hit hard, leaving many of those buildings in ruins.

Outside of Marrakesh, the earthquake caused even more damage. In the Atlas Mountains, the earthquake’s center, there were many small villages. Many people in the area lived in simple houses made of mud, a traditional way of building in Morocco. But they’ re not strong enough to survive earthquakes and many of these houses simply fell apart, turning into sand. The Moroccan government has laws requiring buildings to be built more safely, yet these rules were often overlooked.

In larger cities, rescue efforts seemed to be going well. But it took a lot longer for help to reach remote (偏远的) areas in the mountains. That meant the local people in those areas had to deal with the situation on their own. They had to dig through the ruins with their hands, searching for survivors who were trapped. Moreover, many people were sleeping outside, unsure if their houses were safe enough.

More help was on the way. Many outside countries offered teams of experts and emergency supplies. But the government said too many different rescue teams could make the situation more confusing.

【小题1】Why did the earthquake lead to the most deaths on record in Morocco?
A.It struck a large and tourist city.B.It was powerful and happened at night.
C.The rescue teams arrived too late.D.The traditional houses were not strong enough.
【小题2】What does the underline word “precarious” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Dangerous.B.Powerful.C.Unique.D.Impressive.
【小题3】What was the main difficulty facing the people in the remote mountains?
A.They had no shelter to stay.B.They ran out of food supplies.
C.They lost contact with the outside world.D.They couldn’t get necessary rescue in time.
【小题4】Where is the text most probably taken from?
A.A science magazine.B.A travel journal.
C.A news report.D.A cultural website.

Natural disasters can cause people’s fears at any age. 【小题1】, but you do have lots of influence on how your children may face the possible disasters. Let’s see how to talk to your children about natural disasters correctly.

● Be honest

When there is information about natural disasters, try not to hide it. 【小题2】. They may want to know more about where the natural disaster is and the path that it is on. Give proper explanations or even check books out from the library.

【小题3】

Ask your children what they are nervous about so that you can solve their concerns. Deal with any of their fears, big or small, and provide some kind of comfort. Whether these disasters are happening far away or close to home, they need to know that you will keep them safe.

● Make a plan for your family

There is no place on Earth that is free from possibly suffering some type of natural disaster. All families should have a disaster plan and emergency supplies at home. Create a family safety plan, and share it with your children. 【小题4】.

● Talk about the helpers

【小题5】. The idea that firefighters, paramedics (护理人员), and other disaster service workers will be there to help in case of an emergency helps children take away some of the anxiety.

A.Answer questions
B.Take away your children’s fears
C.It is completely natural to be afraid
D.They just have to wait with nothing to do
E.It can prepare them for what to do if a disaster happens
F.Instead, offering detailed information and explanation can help calm your children
G.Teach your children about the different types of helpers that show up in a disaster

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