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When I was five, I once peeled off the paper that enveloped my crayons and snapped them in two. My great enthusiasm was dampened to find just more crayon inside. When I started writing words with pencils, I would twist them inside a sharpener to see if the pencil lead went all the way through the body. Growing up, I saw my television taken apart to reveal the inner workings that only made sense when I did a degree in physics.

Then I landed a career in engineering, spending six years as part of the team that designed the Shard, a famous building in London. Actually, whether I knew it or not, I was already on a mission to understand how things are formed.

After exploring the big, I decided to turn to the small. I realized whatever matter forms human-made objects, complex devices are made up of fundamental building blocks, without which our complex machinery wouldn’t exist.

It is this idea that inspired my book where I select what I believe are seven core elements that form the basis of the world-the nail, the wheel, the spring, the magnet, the lens, the pump and the string. Together they compose a vast range of innovations in terms of their underlying (潜在的) scientific principles and the fields of engineering they touch. They’ve changed our technology, and had a sweeping impact on our history, arts, culture, communication, political and power structures, etc.

The blender we use to make baby’s food relies on gears (齿轮), which couldn’t exist without the wheel. The speaker on the phone relies on a magnet. Even when we think of larger and more complex objects-diggers, skyscrapers, satellites-we come back to the same seven foundational innovations.

So, look around you, and ask questions about what you see: reignite(重燃) that childhood curiosity. Hopefully, that will inspire you to investigate and lead you to a better understanding of the building blocks of our world.

【小题1】Why does the author mention crayons in paragraph 1?
A.To explain his choice of college major.
B.To demonstrate his fascination with tools.
C.To highlight his disappointment at the discovery.
D.To show his early passion for the insides of objects.
【小题2】What made the author’s book possible?
A.His experience in designing buildings.
B.His understanding of the origin of things.
C.His finding of the components of machinery.
D.His perspective on the operation of the world.
【小题3】What do we know about the seven core elements?
A.They throw light on scientific principles.
B.They have a profound influence on society.
C.They mark an era of technological innovation.
D.They represent the advancement in engineering.
【小题4】What can be the best title for the text?
A.Small Things That CountB.Big Dreams That Reward
C.Ask the Right QuestionsD.Understand Core Elements
23-24高三上·重庆·阶段练习
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People across the world use Airnbn to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharing service provides some people a way to make extra money while they work other jobs.

The company announced recently that one of its most popular professions among American Airbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out what industries its American hosts work in. the study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified themselves as teachers or in the field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. In addition, the study says there are an estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.

American teacher hosts earned more than $160 million dollars from Airbnb in 2017, the company said. That includes about $54 million earned during the summer alone. The average amount earned by teacher hosts individually was $6,500 in 2017. The study did not provide data from hosts about why they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earnings from hosting can help.

The U.S. Department of Education reported this year that 94 percent of public school teachers said they had spent their own money on some classroom supplies in the 2015-2016 school year. It also reported that the average pay for public school teachers in 2015-2016 was lower than in the 1990-1991 school year when the inflation rate was considered. Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’s estimated national average.

Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry was not a total solution for the current problems facing many teachers. But he said he thought Airbnb could be an “important tool” to help teachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity” they had earned.

The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb continues to face opposition by activists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices in several cities. Elected officials in some areas have proposed or approved rules to limit the influence of the service. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.

【小题1】Teachers choose to become part of Airbnb because of _____.
A.their economic difficultyB.respect and dignity
C.the lack of classroom suppliesD.the high rental price
【小题2】Airbnb is opposed by some people or organizations except _____.
A.officialsB.the Department of Education
C.activistsD.hotel companies
【小题3】We can learn from the passage that Airbnb _____.
A.can solve teachers’ economic problems.
B.drives up rental market prices in most cities
C.helps teachers find a new job
D.might be an “important tool” for teachers to make money
【小题4】The writer’s attitude towards Airbnb is ______.
A.approvedB.indifferent
C.neutralD.opposed

Martin Strel is a long-distance swimmer, best known for swimming the entire length of various rivers. He was born in Slovenia in 1954. He taught himself to swim when he was 6 and became a professional marathon swimmer in 1978. Martin holds Guinness World Records for swimming the Danube River, the Mississippi River, the Yangtze River and the Amazon River.

Of all his achievements, the greatest is his Amazon River swim. The Amazon is known as the largest, longest and most dangerous river in the world. Several long-distance swimmers had attempted to swim it, but all failed. Martin decided to risk his life and make history. He wanted to show the world that people can achieve their dreams and goals with hard work and persistence (毅力).

On April 7, 2007, Martin Strel completed his Amazon River swim all the way from Atalaya (Peru) to the Atlantic Ocean at Belem (Brazil). He struggled with the river for 66 days and totally swam 3,274 miles. He became a worldwide hero.

Many people still cannot believe what he has done so far, so that's why they sometimes describe him as “Fishman”, “Human Fish” or even “The Craziest Man in the World.”

In 2009, American filmmakers produced a documentary called Big River Man. And the book, The Man Who Swam the Amazon, has been sold in many countries worldwide. It's an inspirational story of perseverance and passion.

Martin Strel does not make much money from swimming. Instead, he swims to teach people about the importance of keeping water clean.

Martin has always been looking for the challenges of the impossible. At present, he is training for a new challenge -— swimming the Grand Canyon.

【小题1】What happened to Martin Strel at age 24?
A.He began learning to swim.B.He broke a Guinness World Record.
C.He completed his Amazon River swim.D.He took up long-distance swimming as a career.
【小题2】What made Martin Strel world-famous?
A.Swimming the Amazon River.B.Swimming the Grand Canyon.
C.Acting in Big River Man.D.Writing The Man Who Swam the Amazon.
【小题3】According to the text, one purpose of Martin Strel swimming the big rivers is________.
A.to build up his bodyB.to raise money
C.to raise awareness of clean waterD.to compete with others
【小题4】What can be the best title for the text?
A.Swim for the PlanetB.Achieve the Impossible
C.Face the Fear of FailureD.Train for New Challenges

Years ago, I lived in a building in a large city. The building next to ours was only a few feet away from mine. There was a woman who lived there and whom I had never met, yet I could see her seated by her window each afternoon, sewing (缝纫) and reading.

After several months had gone by, I began to notice that her window was dirty. Everything was unclear through the dirty window. I would say to myself, “Why doesn’t that woman clean her window? It really looks terrible.”

One morning I decided to clean my apartment, including cleaning the window. Late in the afternoon I finished the cleaning, I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest. What a surprise! Across the way, the woman sitting by her window was clearly seen. Her window was clean!

Then it dawned on me. I had been criticizing her dirty window, but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window.

That was quite an important lesson for me. From then on, whenever I want to judge (判断) someone, I ask myself first, “Am I looking at him through my own dirty window?” Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I can see others’ world more clearly.

【小题1】The writer couldn’t see anything clearly through the window because          .
A.the woman’s window was dirty
B.the writer’s window was dirty
C.the woman lived far away
D.the writer was near-sighted
【小题2】After the writer finished the cleaning, he was surprised to find that        .
A.the woman was sitting by her windowB.the woman’s window was still terrible
C.the woman was cleaning her windowD.the woman’s window was clean
【小题3】The writer felt ________ when he knew whose window was dirty
A.angryB.surprisedC.funnyD.strange
【小题4】The underlined part “it dawned on me ” probably means “________ ”.
A.I began to understand itB.it cheered me up
C.I could see myself through the windowD.it began to get light
【小题5】From the passage we can learn that         .
A.one shouldn’t criticize others very often
B.one should often keep his windows clean
C.one should judge himself before he judges others
D.one should look at others through his dirty window

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