Diverse cultures cannot be passed on to the following generations without native languages since the language is the carrier of a nation’s culture. International Mother Language Day, which was established at the initiative (倡议) of Bangladesh by UNESCO’s General Confer once in 1999, is an essential platform to promote the importance of cultural and linguistic (语言的) diversity.
UNESCO has been leading the way and advocating multilingual education based on the mother tongue from the earliest years of schooling. Research shows that education in the mother tongue is key factor for inclusion and quality learning, and it also improves learning outcomes and academic performance. And most importantly, multilingual education based on the mother tongue fosters understanding and respect for one another and helps preserve the wealth or cultural and traditional heritage that is embedded in every language around the world.
However, in many nations, the majority of pupils are instructed in a language other than their mother tongue, which hinders (妨碍) their capacity to learn effectively. It is estimated that 40% of the world’s people is unable to accept education in their mother tongues. Presently, around 7,000 dialects are spoken across the planet. But the diversity of languages is under threat as more and more of them are disappearing rapidly. When a language disappears, a whole cultural and intellectual heritage is lost with it.
There is progress being made worldwide in multilingual education that stresses the importance of using the mother tongue, especially in the early years of schooling, and in developing it for public life.
Through, its guidelines for language policy and education, UNESCO provides advice on effective bilingual and multilingual teaching, alongside teaching in a child s mother tongue. I works together with Member States to embed multilingual education throughout entire courses and education systems. Recently, there have been successful initiatives to encourage education based on mother tongues in Djibouti, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti and Kenya.
【小题1】What is the author’s purpose of writing paragraph 1?A.To promote the importance of UNESCO. |
B.To show the significance of the conference. |
C.To indicate the importance of diverse languages. |
D.To set a platform for preserving native languages. |
A.Concluded. | B.Patterned. | C.Disgusted. | D.Trapped. |
A.The loss of cultural and intellectual heritage. |
B.The loss of education based on mother tongues. |
C.The multilingual education in developed countries. |
D.The failure of most students to learn a foreign language. |
A.What Is UINESCO Asking You to Learn? |
B.Who Are to Blame for the Extinction of Languages? |
C.Why is Mother Language-Based Education Essential? |
D.How to Celebrate International Mother Language Day? |
It's impossible to provide an exact number of words in English, since new words are being added to the dictionary, and falling out of use constantly.
The short answer is: about a million. Doubt you know anything even close to a million words? That number includes any number of legal, medical, scientific, and mechanical terms that most people will never meet in their day-to-day lives.
The “million" number also includes the many, many words that have fallen out of use throughout the time.
If a million words is the absolute upper level, how does that compare with the general vocabulary of most English speakers?
A.But what's the number? |
B.More than you might think! |
C.That doesn't amount to a whole lot, though! |
D.Then, how many words are there in the book? |
E.While words like these are very uncommon, they still count. |
F.If you recognize these uncommon words, we sadly no longer use them. |
G.Though removed from the dictionary, they still count as English words. |
Many countries around the globe pride themselves on their lingual diversity. Here are a few of the most polyglot places on Earth.
Aruba
Aruba sits in the far southern Caribbean sea near Venezuela. Dutch is an official language and is taught in all schools, both English and Spanish are also compulsory(必修的)languages in Aruba’s education system. However, none of these languages is considered the native language of Aruba on the street, at home locals communicate with one another in Papiament. Papiamento is an official language alongside Dutch, and it is used regularly in the media and in government.
East Timor
This tiny young nation sits in the far south-eastern comer of the Indonesian Archipelago. Once a colony(殖民地)of Portugal, Timor decided to adopt Portuguese as an official language after independence. The local tongue, Tetum, is the most widely spoken language on the street. In addition, English and Indonesian are used throughout the country, and both are officially recognized as working languages.
India
Hindi and English are the official national languages of India, and the majority of educated Indians have knowledge of both, though English is preferred over Hindi in southern India. Each state in India has its own official language (s), most of which differ from Hindi. These languages are used in the local media and on the street.
South Africa
South Africa has 11 official languages. In many urban areas, English is the lingua franca (通用语). It is also the main language of the government and media, even though less than ten percent of South Africans speak it as a first language. Afrikaans, a Germanic language similar to Dutch, is spoken in the southern and western regions of the country. South Africa has nine official Bantu languages, of which:Zulu and Xhosa are the most common.
【小题1】Which of the following is the official language of Aruba?A.Dutch and Spanish. | B.Dutch and Papiamento. |
C.Spanish and English. | D.English and Papiamento. |
A.Aruba was once a colony of Portugal. | B.East Timor lies in the far southern Caribbean sea. |
C.English is preferred over Hindi in India. | D.South Africa media uses English as the main language. |
A.They adopt English as an official language. | B.They are education-centred places. |
C.They have more than two official languages. | D.They are multilingual communities. |
Language is always changing. In a society where life continues year after year with few changes, the language does not change, either. The earliest known languages had difficult grammar but a small, limited vocabulary. Over the century, the grammar changed, and the vocabulary grew. For example, the English and Spanish people who came to America during the sixteenth century gave names to all new plants and animals they found. In this way, hundreds of new words were introduced into English and Spanish vocabularies. Today life is changing very fast, and language is changing fast too.
There are several major language families in the world. Some scientists say there are nine main families, but other scientists divide them differently. The languages in each family are connected, and scientists think that they came from the same parent language. About 3 percent of the people in the world speak languages that are not in these major families.
【小题1】The early language had ________.A.a lot of problems | B.words and easy grammar |
C.words but no grammar | D.grammar but not many words |
A.Languages change fast. | B.Languages really don't want to change. |
C.Language changes with changes of society. | D.Spanish and English change. |
A.language can change very slowly or very quickly |
B.if we don't change, then our language won't change, either |
C.we should give our plants new names |
D.English and Spanish are the only languages that have change |
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