A new citizen-science project will improve the chances of finding ET
Ever since 1993, when funding from America’s space agency, NASA, was cut, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, which scans the sky looking for radio signals from intelligent aliens, has been inventive in its methods. In particular, it was one of the pioneers of the field of citizen science.
In 1999 it started SETI home, an application that uses spare processing power on volunteers’ computers to filter the information generated by its radio telescopes. These days, SETI home boasts more than one million users.
On February 29th the SETI Institute launched another citizen-science project. This time, though, its researchers are less interested in the digital computers on volunteers’ desks than in the biological ones between their ears.
Unfortunately, some parts of the radio covering scope are full of signals created by Earthlings, rather than aliens. Everything from passing satellites and space junk to ground-based radar and even the starting systems of nearby cars can generate fake radio waves that confuse the software.
But SETILive will bring them into play.
A.That’s where interested amateurs help professionals process data. |
B.Rather than examining on stored data, aliens are hunted on the fly. |
C.Volunteers working on SETIhome have found plenty of interesting signals. |
D.It will do so by feeding data from these noisy parts of the scope to its users. |
E.SETI is to detect distinctive radio-frequency emissions from advanced aliens. |
F.Until now, the project has tackled it by ignoring the crowded bits of the scope. |
G.SETI Live, as the project is called, uses brain capacity to solve a lingering headache. |
Every time we get behind the wheel of a car, we put our lives and the lives of others at risk. Self-driving cars are designed to reduce those risks by letting technology control our vehicles.
Accident rates for self-driving cars have been much lower than the rate, for human-driven cars.
As humans, we can make moral choices in avoiding accidents. To avoid hitting a child, for example, human drivers might sharply turn a car away from the child even if others may be injured.
In one situation there may be a female doctor, a child, two dogs and a homeless person who would be killed. In the other situation, you might have two babies and a cat who would be killed.
The Moral Machine website has many situations and many possible outcomes. When you click on the situation of your choice, it will be highlighted.
A.Who should those victims be? |
B.Then the next situation appears. |
C.You choose who lives and who dies. |
D.You can use the Moral Machine to be the judge. |
E.But what moral choices can self-driving cars make? |
F.The Moral Machine website lets you choose how you would react in a collision. |
G.Google’s self-driving car has had only 13 collisions after traveling 1.8 million miles. |
Feel the Music
We’ve all heard of smart phones, but how about smart clothing? The CuteCircuit company has stepped up the technology beat and invented the SoundShirt, which was designed specifically for people who are deaf or hard of hearing. How does this incredible shirt work?
First, let’s talk about a little science. People who have either all or some hearing loss don’t actually listen to music the way that hearing people do, but they can feel it. Sound is made up of vibrations, called sound waves, which hearing people can hear through their ears with the help of the brain. What’s really cool is that deaf people sense vibrations in the part of the brain that others use for hearing!
So how is this remarkable technology able to function? First, CuteCircuit had to figure out a way to send signals to the body, kind of like how you can feel when your phone vibrates in silent mode. Those connections the body can feel are called haptics, a use of technology that simulates the senses of touch and motion. The SoundShirt has tiny sensors woven into the shirt to pick up sound and transfer signals to the brain and body.
To test this music-to-shirt-to-wearer’s brain connection, CuteCircuit set microphones around the stage of a symphony orchestra. The shirt’s computer system digitally received the sounds coming from the instruments. Then the sensors, working like little motors, changed the signals into vibrations and the shirt wearer’s brain did the rest.
The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music in a unique way. The very deep musical sound, or pitch, of instruments like drums and basses vibrates in the lower part of the shirt. Higher pitched sounds from instruments like the flute or violin vibrate higher, around the neck and arms. As the music plays, the sensations combine while the brain gets to work putting together all the different vibrations, allowing the wearer to “hear” the concert.
You might think this innovation would look like something out of a science fiction movie, but in fact, these shirts are wireless! And the decorative laser-lined design on the shirt looks like an image of sound waves.
Technology’s purpose is to help people and make life better. Think of all the amazing things designers, engineers, and producers of wearable tech will be able to do for humankind.
【小题1】What’s the passage mainly about?A.Wearable technology like the SoundShirt is the wave of the future. |
B.CuteCircut tested the SoundShirt with a symphony orchestra. |
C.The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music. |
D.Deep musical sounds from drums vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt. |
A.Tiny sensors in the SoundShirt change sound signals into vibrations. |
B.Those who have hearing loss are able to sense sound vibrations. |
C.Deep musical sounds vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt. |
D.It’s amazing that the SoundShirt is made without any wires. |
A.Before the SoundShirt, deaf people had no way of feeling sound. |
B.The SoundShirt doesn’t work without the power of the human brain. |
C.The SoundShirt works when the wearer is listening to a symphony orchestra. |
D.CuteCircuit is giving away its SoundShirts to those deaf or hard of hearing. |
A.advise that companies should focus on applying wearable technology |
B.advocate that technology can be used to create products that help others |
C.prove that the design of wearable technology is a rewarding industry in future |
D.exemplify that musical instruments can be used to change technology for the better |
“How the brain perceives time depends on its expectations. The brain can predict the probability that something is going to occur, given that it hasn’t happened yet,” said Dr. Michael Shadlen, a scientist at Columbia University.
Every thought has various “horizons”, Shadlen told Live Science. In a book, for example, horizons lie at the end of every syllable (音节), the end of every word, the end of the next sentence and so on. Time moves according to how we anticipate these horizons, he said.
When you’re really absorbed in something, the brain anticipates the “big picture”, which makes time seem to fly, Shadlen said. But when you’re bored, you anticipate the closer horizons such as the end of a sentence instead of the end of the story; these horizons aren’t knitted together as a whole, and time slows down.
There isn’t a single spot in the brain that’s responsible for how we perceive time in this way. Rather, any area that gives rise to thought and consciousness is likely involved in this task, Shadlen said. “There are almost certainly a lot of timing mechanisms (机制) in the brain,” added Joe Paton, a scientist at the Champalimaud Foundation in Portugal. One mechanism involves the speed at which brain cells activate one another and form a network when you’re performing an activity. The faster those paths of neurons (神经元) form, the faster we perceive time, Paton and his team have found in some animals, such as rats and squirrels.
Another mechanism involves chemicals in the brain. Again, in rats, Paton and his colleagues found that a set of neurons that releases the neurotransmitter dopamine—an important chemical involved in feeling rewarded—impacts how the brain perceives time. When you’re having fun, these cells are more active. They release a lot of dopamine and your brain judges that less time has passed than actually has. When you’re not having fun, these cells don’t release as much dopamine, and time seems to slow down.
【小题1】What can be learned about “horizons” in a book from paragraph 2?A.They exist throughout. | B.They change our anticipation. |
C.They are totally invisible. | D.They are very unpredictable. |
A.our brain anticipates the distant horizons | B.we are engaged in something interesting |
C.our brain sees the “big picture” of an event | D.we are anxious to see the ending of a sentence |
A.An unknown chemical in human brain. |
B.A specific timing mechanism in the brain. |
C.The speed of brain cells forming a network. |
D.The function of brain cells activating each other. |
A.By describing a process. | B.By providing examples. |
C.By introducing a concept. | D.By listing statistical data. |
组卷网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不能确保所有知识产权权属清晰,如您发现相关试题侵犯您的合法权益,请联系组卷网