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Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch — or wake up early in order not to miss —varies by culture. From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.

Around the world, people change sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight saving time(夏令时). For example, Russians began to wake up about a half hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time” starting on October 26.

Russians’ other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year’s Eve, Russians have the world’s latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a.m. Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.

The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation (缺乏). The worst night for sleep in the UK was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. The Brits stayed up a half hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.

It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who are elected to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?

【小题1】According to the author, what are people’s different sleeping habits connected with?
A.Their enthusiasm for sports.B.Their schedule during daytime.
C.Their needs to catch up on sleep.D.Their different cultural backgrounds.
【小题2】What can we learn about the Russians concerning sleep?
A.They have the shortest sleep in the world.
B.They have earlier mornings in the winter time.
C.They have more sleep on some particular festivals.
D.Holidays are a reason for the change in their sleep patterns.
【小题3】Which of the following is the main reason for Europeans’ less sleep?
A.A sports event.B.The time changes.
C.The night phenomenon.D.The daylight saving time.
【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.It is important to record sleep every day.B.Average people probably have deep sleep.
C.Average people are losing much sleep nowadays.D.Almost everyone can record their sleep patterns.
22-23高二下·全国·单元测试
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Day after day, we hear fitness influencers say that 30 minutes of exercise each day is all you need to get healthy and achieve your dream physique(体质). 【小题1】 Lots of factors (因素)contribute to someone's overall health, and the most important one has nothing to do with exercise. In fact, nutritional habits will have a far greater effect on your body composition and physique goals than any other fitness component.

I played sports from middle school all the way through college. 【小题2】 However, I didn't truly get healthy until college because my diet in high school was filled with processed food and sugar in the form of cereal, brownies, cookies, candy bars, and much. more. Therefore, 30 minutes of exercise each day won't give you the mind-blowing results that you might expect. However, it's still worth the effort. Here are three reasons you still should exercise 30 minutes a day.

1. 【小题3】

We've all been told that a prolonged sitting lifestyle can negatively (否定地)affect your health. As technology has advanced, our daily lives have become more and more convenient, which has also led to a lot less movement.

2. It will give your heart a promotion.

【小题4】 Luckily, 30 minutes of exercise per day, can greatly affect your heart in a positive way.

3. You'll improve your energy levels.

People often worry that if they exercise in the morning, they will wear themselves out for the day ahead. That's typically not the case. 【小题5】 When I get a 30-minute sweat session done in the morning, I feel accomplished and energized for the day ahead.

A.I exercised over 30 minutes a day.
B.Sadly, this advice isn't entirely true.
C.I have actually found the opposite true.
D.Remember that it's never too late to start.
E.Prolonged sitting has been proven dangerous.
F.One of the deadliest killers in the world is heart disease.
G.This is because positive habits will help live a long and happy life.

Fall is finally here! This is the most glorious time of the year. Leaves are turning yellow, and the weather is cool enough to wear your favorite sweaters. But for some, the changing of the seasons is vexing, and can lead to a sudden dip in energy, making many people wonder why they get more tired in the fall.

Many studies show that some viruses causing the common cold are more active in cooler weather, which may further lead to fall fatigue (疲劳).

However, the cold weather isn’t the only reason you may be feeling run-down this fall. The lack of sunlight can also have a significant impact on how energetic we feel. “There’s a special circuit from your eyeballs that goes directly to your brain that picks up sunlight, and the most important signal is sunlight in the morning. That sunlight in the morning helps wake you up, and also helps keep you awake all day long.” said Dr. Michael Howell, a sleep specialist. So, sleepiness is unavoidable in a season without much sunlight. When people’s exposure to sunlight is increasingly limited, some people may suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD. Too often, SAD is treated as a punchline, but for the estimated 10 million Americans who suffer from it, it’s not a joke. SAD is a form of depression that is related to the change in seasons, which makes people feel tired easily. Symptoms can include high pressure, feelings of depression and a heavy feeling in arms and legs, etc. And most people experience them during the fall and winter.

While the fall is a beautiful season, the disorder it can bring to your body and mind is no joke. Be sure to put your health and wellness first as you head into fall. It’s an ideal time to cook soup and stew, clean out your room, take a walk outside, or relax with a good book. Sleep tight, my friends.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “vexing” mean in paragraph 1?
A.AnnoyingB.Shocking.C.Enjoyable.D.Important.
【小题2】What is the function of sunlight according to Dr. Michael Howell?
A.Creating more energy.B.Keeping people awake.
C.Helping people sleep tight.D.Showing the change of seasons.
【小题3】What can we learn about SAD?
A.It depends on temperatures.
B.It strikes people in sunny seasons.
C.It is clearly understood by most people.
D.It has both physical and mental impacts.
【小题4】What might be the best title for the text?
A.How you keep awake in the fall?
B.Why you are more tired in the fall?
C.What you should do to stay energetic in the fall?
D.Who you can turn to for tips on SAD in the fall?

For those in search of safe, non-medicine sleep aids (助手), sound machines are a popular choice. The National Sleep Foundation recently found that 5% of Americans sleep with a “sound conditioner”. It can be a fan, phone app, or other noise-producing machines.

Michael Grandner, director of the Sleep and Health Research Program at the University of Arizona, says a sound conditioner is a lifesaver if you live where loud nighttime noise is common. But even if your bedroom is very quiet, sound machines can still be helpful if you’re the type of person unsettled by a total absence of noise, or if you’re a light sleeper who wakes from even the softest sound.

Research supports the idea that a little background sound can help people fall asleep. For a study in the journal Sleep Medicine, the researchers asked sleepers to listen to recorded hospital sounds either with or without a white noise machine. They found that those who slept with the white noise machine were hardly affected by the hospital sounds, while others who slept without white noise were easily awakened.

There’s also so-called “pink noise” and “brown noise”, which can sound similar to white noise. “I don’t think there’s enough evidence yet to say one type is better than another,” says Michelle Drerup, a sleep psychologist at the Cleveland Clinic. “I know from talking with my patients that some people prefer natural sounds, like a rainstorm. But others don’t want a sound at all when they sleep,” she says. “It all comes down to the individual (个人).”

For some, the best sound might be none. “Biologically (生物学上), you don’t need this sound to sleep,” says Michael Grandner, “and if you use it every night, you can get so used to it that you can’t sleep without it.” Most sleep experts agree. “I wouldn’t suggest people use sound machines to sleep unless they’re reporting difficulties with outside noises,” an expert says.

【小题1】According to the text, who should sleep with a sound conditioner?
A.Those who fall asleep fast.
B.Those who wake up easily.
C.Those who live in a quiet street.
D.Those who are afraid to sleep alone.
【小题2】What does Michelle Drerup think of the best type of sound for sleep?
A.Pink noise and brown noise are better.
B.Sleeping without any noise is the best.
C.It all depends on personal preferences.
D.Natural sounds are the best for people.
【小题3】What is most experts’ suggestion?
A.To use sound machines as little as possible.
B.To see a doctor with your sleeping problems.
C.To find a very quiet place to treat sleeping problems.
D.To break the habits of sleeping with sound machines.
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Most Americans have a bad sleep.
B.White noises are good for humans.
C.Sound conditioners are a safe, non-medicine sleep aid.
D.Not everyone should sleep with white noise machine.

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