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The Polish take great pride in their culture. Our culture has many different customs and traditions. I will discuss three of these traditions and customs.

The Polish will say “Dziekuje” (“thank you”) only after receiving their change. What I mean by this is that when you are in Poland, you should wait to say “thank you” until after you have been given your change back. If you do not, you are telling cashiers (收银员) that they can “keep the change.” Often, people visiting Poland will feel that things are very expensive, until they learn that they are giving the store clerk permission to keep the money that would have been given back.

Polish people break “bread” with their families during their Christmas Eve meal. The Christmas Eve celebration starts with the breaking of the Oplatek, which is a thin piece of “bread”. In my family, the eldest in the family (my grandfather) takes the big Oplatek and breaks it into large pieces that he then hands down to each of his four children (my aunt, uncles, and father). Then, these family members break their pieces into smaller sizes and pass them out to their own children. Once the last piece is passed down to the youngest, we say a prayer (做祷告) and eat the piece of thin bread.

Polish people celebrate “Imieniny”, or Name’s Day. This day is more important than one’s birthday. They often name their children after a saint (圣徒) whose day is closest to the date that they were born on. Then their saint’s day that they were named after becomes their “new” birthday. On Name’s Day, families and friends gather together and enjoy a variety of food, drinking, and dancing.

As you can see, Poland has a few very unique (独特的) traditions and customs. I honor my Polish culture and will pass it on to my own children because it is important to know one’s own culture.

【小题1】A Polish person’s Imieniny is ________.
A.a day to visit families and friends
B.more important than Name’s Day
C.near to his or her birthday
D.a day to honor a saint
【小题2】In Poland, if you say “Dziekuje” before getting your change, ________.
A.the store clerk will keep it
B.the product will be changed
C.the store clerk will check the money
D.the product will be returned to the store
【小题3】On Christmas Eve, the author will receive “bread” from ________.
A.his grandfatherB.his uncle
C.his auntD.his father
21-22高一上·全国·单元测试
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Most people buy a lot of gifts just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day called Buy Nothing Day. 【小题1】

Buy Nothing Day is on November 29. It’s 25 days before Christmas. It’s after Thanksgiving and often the first day of Christmas shopping. 【小题2】

The idea for Buy Nothing Day started in Vancouver, British Columbia. 【小题3】 In California, parents and children get together to read stories, sing songs, and paint pictures. The children talk about why they don’t need a lot of toys. This year, in Manchester, England, people dressed up in costumes to tell people that we buy too much.

In Albuquerque, New Mexico, high school students wanted to tell other students about Buy Nothing Day. They organized a spaghetti dinner to give people information about Buy Nothing Day. 【小题4】 They made posters and talked to other students about it. The dinner was a big success, and many students agreed not to buy anything on November 29. The students at high schools liked the idea of this new tradition. 【小题5】

A.They don’t want anyone to go shopping on that day.
B.Now people all over the world celebrate Buy Nothing Day.
C.Many people think highly of the idea of Buy Nothing Day.
D.They asked restaurants in the neighborhood to donate the food.
E.Buy Nothing Day has successfully persuaded people not to buy anything.
F.At this time, we see ads in newspapers and on TV telling us to “Buy! Buy! Buy!”
G.Next year, they want to have another dinner to tell more people about Buy Nothing Day.

It is interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation that appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be the loudest in the world.

According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出“哧溜”声) when eating noodles is encouraged in Japanese culture. It is believed that taking air into your mouth can enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It is also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.

It was not until a new expression “noodle harassment (骚扰)” ,or “hu-hara” in Japanese - came out last year on social media that Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.

As a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smartphone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the person’s phone, making it play a sound to mask the slurping noise. “The fork is a solution to the ‘noodle harassment’ issue, particularly as the number of tourists visiting Japan increases,” said the company, according to Euro News.

But is it really necessary?

Dining traditions do vary. What is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. (In India, for example people eat with their hands because they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with utensils might find it uncomfortable to get their hands covered in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of India’s culture, just like Japan’s slurping. It is common and an everyday part of the nation’s culture.

“So, if you are eating noodles, whether that is ramen, udon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they are missing the point entirely.”

【小题1】Which of the following is NOT a reason for Japanese people to slurp when eating noodles?
A.Slurping can make the noodles seem more delicious.
B.Slurping can make the dining experience more pleasant.
C.Slurping shows thanks for the noodles.
D.Slurping can keep the noodles warm in their mouth.
【小题2】To solve the “noodle harassment” issue, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin ________.
A.introduced a special fork
B.designed an app to remind people not to slurp
C.improved their noodle products
D.advised playing music to mask the slurping sound
【小题3】The eating method in India is mentioned in the article to ________.
A.give an example of different dining traditions
B.show a more annoying eating habit than slurping
C.compare Indian and Japanese table manners
D.criticize the outdated tradition there
【小题4】How does Brian Ashcraft feel about slurping when eating noodles in Japan?
A.Annoyed.B.Embarrassed.C.ShockedD.Supportive.

Christmas around the world is a wonderful time for celebration and a sharing of Christmas traditions around the world. No matter where you and your family spend your Christmas around the world, it is sure to be a time for laughter and cheer.

It is both interesting and exciting to learn about other Christmas traditions around the world. Christmas around the world for many is a time full of stories, traditions and beliefs, nowhere is this more true than in the country of Poland where superstitions(迷信) and legends take preference.

Christmas Eve in Poland is a time for family gathering and reunion. It is also considered to be a night of magic. It was believed long ago that animals talked and had the power to tell the future. The traditional Polish Christmas Eve dinner is a grand feast including twelve different dishes representing the twelve months of the year.

Usually the meal will not include any meat except for fish. Some of the favorite dishes include wild mushrooms or peas, dried fruit compote (蜜饯) for dessert, dumplings with a variety of fillings. When dinner is finished, the host will give a signal for everyone to rise as it is bad luck for only one person to rise at a time.

Christmas in Poland would not be complete without the storytelling and Christmas songs sung around the Christmas tree. In Poland after the traditional Christmas Eve dinner, the remainder of the night is reserved for exactly that storytelling and singing while sitting around the beautifully decorated tree with its glass decorations, eggshells colored paper and straw.

【小题1】What does the underlined part mean?
A.People in Poland like collecting stories most.
B.Poland has the most superstitions and legends about Christmas.
C.People in Poland don't believe in the strange stories.
D.There are fewest stories about Christmas in Poland.
【小题2】Why do people in Poland consider Christmas Eve as a night of magic?
A.All people in the big family will get together at Christmas.
B.There will be some excellent TV programs on Christmas Eve.
C.It was said long ago that animals had the unusual power to predict the future
D.The pets at home will talk to the owner at Christmas.
【小题3】Why are there twelve dishes for Polish Christmas Eve dinner?
A.They stand for the twelve months of a year.
B.They stand for the twelve hours of a day.
C.The dishes will be matched with twelve fruits.
D.There will be twelve people getting together.
【小题4】What may be the last title for the passage?
A.Traditions of Polish Christmas
B.Celebration of Christmas around the World
C.Superstitions and Legends of Christmas in Poland
D.A Time for Celebration and Sharing

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