Digital Technology Reveals Secrets of the UK’s Earliest Dinosaur
Britain’s earliest dinosaur was a nimble omnivore that ran around on two legs, unlike its later relatives brontosaurus and diplodocus, research suggests.
Standing at about the height of a 10-year-old child, and 1.5 metres in length with a long thin tail, Thecodontosaurus(槽齿龙)roamed the earth during the Triassic Period. As well as being one of the earliest _______, it was also among the first to be discovered. It was unearthed by Bristol quarrymen(采石工人)in 1834, earning it the _______ “the Bristol Dinosaur”.
Thecodontosaurus is considered an important species internationally because it provides an _______ link between the very first dinosaurs, which are thought to have been cat-sized, two-legged carnivores, and the huge plant-eating sauropods(蜥脚类动物), which walked on four thick, pillar-like _______.
“Its position within the dinosaur family tree is very important because it could help us to understand the evolution of those _______, and how they became that big,” said Antonio Ballell, a PhD student at the University of Bristol, who led the _______.
What Thecodontosaurus ate and how it moved have long been debated, but now a _______ of its brain suggests it may have eaten meat and walked upright on two legs, like its earlier ancestors whose fossilised remains were discovered in South America.
Ballell and his colleagues used CT scans to _______ extract its fossilised skull from the surrounding rock debris, and 3D modelling to build a replica of its brain. Doing so revealed anatomical details, which could be compared with the brains of modern creatures as well as reconstructions of other dinosaurs’ brains, to make inferences about Thecodontosaurus’ physical traits.
The dinosaur’s floccular lobes, for instance, which are located at the back of the brain and are _______ the control of balance and eye and neck movements, were large. This suggests Thecodontosaurus could have walked on two legs and maintained a stable gaze while moving fast. “It would have had the cerebral agility to track prey and capture it, ________ its tooth morphology suggests plants were the main component of its diet,” Ballell said. “We think the islands where it lived were very rich in reptiles, small mammals, insects and other arthropods, so these could have been a very good ________ to its diet.”
The shape of its inner ears suggests that its hearing frequency was ________ high, pointing towards some sort of social complexity-an ability to recognise varied squeaks and honks from different animals. The research was ________ in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.
“It’s thrilling to see new technologies applied ________ some of the oldest dinosaur bones from the UK,” said Steve Brusatte, a professor at the University of Edinburgh. “Thecodontosaurus was probably a lot more agile(灵活的)than we used to think, and it seems like it had ________ balance, could run fast and could even move only on its hind limbs.”
【小题1】A.giraffes | B.dinosaurs | C.dragons | D.lizards |
【小题2】A.nickname | B.reputation | C.anonym | D.fame |
【小题3】A.revolutionary | B.machinery | C.evolutionary | D.imaginary |
【小题4】A.arms | B.legs | C.claws | D.feet |
【小题5】A.ghosts | B.dwarfs | C.giants | D.devils |
【小题6】A.quiz | B.interview | C.search | D.research |
【小题7】A.review | B.regulation | C.responsibility | D.reconstruction |
【小题8】A.literally | B.intelligently | C.digitally | D.visually |
【小题9】A.associated with | B.compared with | C.instead of | D.except from |
【小题10】A.since | B.because | C.although | D.when |
【小题11】A.appliance | B.supplement | C.shortage | D.sufficiency |
【小题12】A.relatively | B.regularly | C.frequently | D.responsibly |
【小题13】A.prohibited | B.protested | C.prepared | D.published |
【小题14】【小题15】A.low | B.poor | C.inferior | D.excellent |