Let’s step down from the celestial realm of Mozart and Darwin and come back to earth to see how mindsets create achievement in real life. It’s funny, but seeing one student blossom under the growth mindset has a greater impact on me than all the stories about Mozarts and Darwins. Maybe because it’s more about you and me—about what’s happened to us and why we are where we are now. And about children and their _______ .
Back on earth, we measured students’ mindsets as they made the _______ to junior high school: Did they believe their intelligence was a _______ trait or something they could develop? Then we followed them for the next two years.
The transition to junior high is a time of great _______ for many students. The work gets much harder, the grading policies toughen up, the teaching becomes less _______ . And all this happens while students are _______ their new adolescent bodies and roles. Grades suffer, but not everyone’s grades suffer _______ .
Now in our study, only the students with the fixed mindset showed the _______ . They showed an immediate drop-off in grades, and slowly but surely did worse and worse over the two years. The students with the _______ mindset showed an increase in their grades over the two years.
When the two groups had entered junior high, their past records were ________ . In the more benign environment of grade school, they’d earned the same grades and achievement test scores. Only when they hit the challenge of junior high did they begin to ________ .
Here is how students with the fixed mindset explained their poor grades. Many maligned(诋毁)their abilities: “I’m the stupidest.” And many ________ someone else: “Because the teacher is on crack.” These interesting analyses of the problem hardly provide a road map to future success.
With the threat of failure looming(隐现), students with the growth mindset instead mobilized their resources for learning. They told us that they, too, sometimes felt ________ , but their response was to dig in and do what it takes. They were like George Dantzig.
George Dantzig was a graduate student in math at Berkeley. One day, as usual, he rushed in late to his math class and quickly ________ the two homework problems from the blackboard. When he later went to do them, he found them very difficult, and it took him several days of hard work to ________ them open and solve them. They turned out not to be the homework problems at all. They were famous maths problems that had never been solved.
【小题1】A.intelligence | B.success | C.ability | D.potential |
【小题2】A.progress | B.process | C.transition | D.formation |
【小题3】A.fixed | B.mixed | C.random | D.extended |
【小题4】A.fun | B.luck | C.opportunity | D.challenge |
【小题5】A.difficult | B.interesting | C.personalized | D.challenging |
【小题6】A.suffering from | B.coping with | C.coming across | D.taking off |
【小题7】A.equally | B.greatly | C.consequently | D.immediately |
【小题8】A.rise | B.pressure | C.impact | D.decline |
【小题9】A.determined | B.traditional | C.growth | D.typical |
【小题10】A.indistinguishable | B.invisible | C.incredible | D.unimaginable |
【小题11】A.move along | B.pull apart | C.climb up | D.slide down |
【小题12】A.appreciated | B.blamed | C.mentioned | D.praised |
【小题13】A.rejoiced | B.excited | C.overwhelmed | D.engaged |
【小题14】A.erased | B.copied | C.deleted | D.revised |
【小题15】A.crack | B.knock | C.strike | D.track |