Certificate programs (证书课程) are educational programs offered through places like vocational(职业的) schools, community colleges, and online.They’ re designed to train people for specific jobs.【小题1】For example, if you're starting your job search, completing a certificate program will strengthen your skills and abilities.

There 're numerous certificate programs for different fields of work. They might train people in medical technology, early childhood education, etc. Length of these programs is variable. Most take no longer than a year. 【小题2】A nurse wanting to get a certificate to draw blood might only require a few weeks of training. But learning to have more skills could take much more work.

Finishing a certificate program doesn’t necessarily translate into automatically being able to work in a chosen field. Sometimes finishing a certificate program is only preparatory to taking exams for licensing. But must licensing be required after certificate programs are completed? 【小题3】

Actually not all certificate programs are created with high quality, so it's important to make certain that the school offering the program is considered a good one in your chosen profession. To figure out whether it is good, you can visit the school 's campus. 【小题4】Besides, you should be cautious of online schools’ reputation.

【小题5】In general those programs offered at junior colleges or community colleges will be least expensive, and usually come with good reputations. On the other hand, online or offline trade and vocational schools can be more expensive. But they’re advantageous for many reasons.

In natural disaster — a hurricane, flood, volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes (灾难) — minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how to analyse and communicate this information in the best way once it is obtained.

On September 29, 1998, hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with torrential rains and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean.

This was a very different outcome from 1900, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane had made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6, 000 people.

Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end of the 20th century — residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions (预防措施).

While people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied. A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans. Because much of New Orleans lies below sea level, the city is at risk from flooding. Emergency management officials must begin evacuations (疏散) well before a storm strikes. But evacuation costs money.Businesses close, tourists leave, and citizens take precautionary measures. The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city’s preparation for Georges cost more than 50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.

The different views on the early warnings for Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions.

Looking back on the first twenty years of my life,I feel grateful to have been so healthy and happy.I'm happy because of many key factors（因素）. 【小题1】

Health comes first for me, because without health everything else is meaningless. Imagine starting a career without good health. Imagine achieving anything without good health. 【小题2】

Good health is not enough to be happy. 【小题3】 Money obviously pays for the basic necessities of life—food, housing, clothing, etc.—but it is also necessary for other reasons. Money guarantees(保证) we always get good medical treatment when we fall ill. Besides, we can also use money for entertainment that can add to our quality of life.

Family is another important factor in having a happy life because it provides the love, joy, and support that everyone needs. I love my family with all my heart. I get pleasure from their pleasure. I suffer when they suffer. 【小题4】 They give me advice when I have misunderstandings with my friends. More importantly, they are always there to share everything with me.

【小题5】 As long as I stay healthy, work hard to earn enough money and share both good times and bad times with my family,I will always be the happiest girl in the world.