The Happiness Effect
Most of us have heard the term “runner’s high”, but what exactly does this mean? Exercise creates chemical responses in the brain, which leads to both temporary and long-term mental health benefits. Here is how it works:
What happens when we are stressed?
Cortisol: This stress hormone (压力荷尔蒙) is linked to mood, motivation and fear. It also alters immune system (免疫系统) responses and suppresses the digestive system (消化系统).
Adrenaline: This stress hormone raises your heart rate, elevates blood pressure, and boosts energy stores.
Hypothalamus: This region of the brain is the body’s natural alarm system which stimulates the production of cortisol and adrenaline.
Hippocampus: Too much cortisol short-circuits (使……中断) cell production in the brain’s hippocampus region, damaging thought organization and memory formation.
Feeling overwhelmed? Hit the gym!
As your heart begins to pound, your brain chemistry reacts almost immediately to get you feeling better both physically and mentally.
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): BDNF protects the brain from emotional disorders and repairs damage from stress and depression.
GABA: Exercise lowers stress levels, which triggers the release of this calming neurotransmitter (神经递质). Frequent boosts of GABA build immunity to stress, enhancing your ability to take on life’s challenges.
Endocannabinoids: These natural chemical compounds play a role in processing appetite, pain sensation, mood and memory. They are very closely related to the active ingredients of the cannabis (大麻) plant.
Endorphins: Endorphins naturally get most of the credit for feelings of extreme happiness, but they play only a small part in the exercise-induced rush. These pain fighting peptides increase with as little as 20 minutes of exercise.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is true?A.During a 1000m race, one’s adrenaline level will stay still. |
B.When someone came across a roaring dog, his or her hypothalamus may be simulated. |
C.Cortisol is a hormone that can deal with stress efficiently. |
D.Bad mood will not hurt the hippocampus region any way. |
A.Brain derived neurotropic factor. | B.GABA. |
C.Endocannabinoids. | D.Endorphins. |
A.In a scientific journal. |
B.In an advertisement about medical product. |
C.In a nutritional biochemistry magazine. |
D.In a sport magazine. |
Most kinds of physical exercises are beneficial for remaining healthy, but a lot of people prefer running over other forms of physical exercises. This may be because running does not require expertise and specialized equipment.
Running is a weight-bearing exercise.
While running is considered a great exercise, it should not be the only form of exercise that you perform. Running regularly, especially with improper running shoes, could increase the risk of pain in the knees. It could also cause damage (损伤) to the knee joints.
A.It helps to build strong bones. |
B.Running can be tiring and painful. |
C.Running is good for both your body and your mind. |
D.It is free and available to all who want to practice it. |
E.This relaxes your mind especially on a stressful day. |
F.Millions of people around the world run regularly to keep fit. |
G.Along with running, you should also do some upper body exercises. |
Yoga (瑜伽) is a kind of sport. It is very popular around the world now. Everyone, young or old, men or women, can do yoga.
There are many reasons why people like yoga. First, yoga can build up your muscle. Your body will become stronger and more flexible. Second, yoga helps you get rid of stress. What's more, yoga can help your mind stay calm. To put it simply, the reason why so many people are falling in love with yoga is that they are discovering how wonderful it is for their mind, body and spirit.
Yoga began in India about 5,000 years ago. At that time, people wanted to be free, healthy and live a long life. As a result, this kind of exercise was born. The early yoga was part of the religion (宗教). It was usually taught one to one—one teacher and one student. Later, it was accepted by more people.
Yoga is an Indian word that means “to join together". There are three parts of yoga altogether: exercise, breathing and meditation (冥想). In the past, people paid more attention to the spirit. The idea behind the exercise was to join the mind, body and spirit as one.
With the development of the exercise, more and more people are doing yoga as a way of keeping healthy. Among them, office ladies enjoy doing yoga most. Yoga can give them peace, help them feel relaxed and have fewer worries and illnesses.
【小题1】From the passage, we know that yoga is .A.a kind of music | B.a kind of sport |
C.a kind of book | D.a kind of food |
A.The reasons why people like yoga. | B.The places where people do yoga. |
C.The ways that people develop yoga. | D.The persons who invented yoga. |
A.2,000 years ago. | B.3,000 years ago. |
C.4,000 years ago. | D.5,000 years ago. |
A.To read together. | B.To sing together. |
C.To join together. | D.To live together. |
A.The introduction of yoga. | B.The introduction of paper. |
C.The introduction of drink. | D.The introduction of weather. |
Trying to motivate yourself to exercise can sometimes feel like a fruitless attempt. Here are some tips on setting your mind on getting active, and getting fit.
Make your fitness goals known. Tell your family, friends and co-workers about your fitness goals and encourage them to ask you how your goals come along.
Make an appointment with your doctor. Ask the doctor about your health condition and how becoming more physically fit can help you become healthier.
Consider healthy living, not just workouts. Even if you spend three hours a week in the gym, what of the other 100-plus waking hours each week? Fit people keep energetic during their entire day.
Do it for charity.
A.Hire a personal trainer. |
B.Then ask for some suggestions. |
C.Focus on what matters most to you. |
D.Some of us get great satisfaction from helping others. |
E.The ongoing everyday activity leads to a whole lot of fitness. |
F.Documenting your workouts and progress is a good way to hold yourself accountable. |
G.Knowing that everyone is watching you provides great motivation to stick to your goals. |
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