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Eating a juicy steak is worse for the environment than frying up some tofu: that should come as no surprise. Going vegan can greatly cut the carbon footprint of your diet. But what about the fewer calories, and lower levels of protein, found in most plant-based foods when compared with meat?

To make the relative carbon impact of foods easier to understand, The Economist proposes a banana index (指数). It compares popular foodstuffs in three aspects—weight, calories and protein—compared to the humble banana, a fruit of middling nutritional value and impact on weather conditions.

Indexing greenhouse-gas emissions to a single food gives a sense of how different foodstuffs rank. Unfortunately for carnivores (食肉动物), beef is bad for the environment no matter how you slice it. Producing one kilogram of mince (馅) causes as many emissions as 109kg of bananas (call it a “banana score” of 109). As for nutritional value, beef’s banana score falls to 54 (one calorie of beef mince causes 54 times as much carbon emissions as one calorie of banana). By protein, it scores seven.

Poultry (家禽) scores 11 bananas by weight and four by calorie. However, as a source of protein, it is more carbon-friendly than bananas: poultry protein emits just three-fifths of the same amount of banana protein. The same applies to salmon. Unsurprisingly, plant-based alternatives to meat do even better: a meat-free burger, for instance, scores just one-fifth of the emissions of bananas per gram of protein.

Our banana index relies on average emissions for a given food. In the real world some producers are more climate-friendly than others, and some foods travel farther to consumers. Our banana index also does not capture other environmental impacts, such as land and water use (though here too, beef tends to perform poorly).

Voting in Europe suggests that most consumers want to be more climate-friendly—and with food production responsible for perhaps a quarter of global emissions, eating with the climate in mind would make a difference. Three-quarters of the respondents said they want labels that would explain the climate impact of their food. In the meantime, our banana index might help.

【小题1】What’s the most likely reason for bananas to be chosen as an object of reference?
A.Bananas have fewer calories and less protein.
B.Bananas are a humble fruit.
C.Bananas have the least impact on the environment.
D.Bananas are of medium climate effect and nutrition.
【小题2】According to the index, which one is more carbon-friendly as a source of protein?
A.BeefB.A meat-free burgerC.PoultryD.A banana
【小题3】Which aspect of the index does paragraph 5 focus on?
A.Its drawbacksB.Its benefits
C.Its practical meaningsD.Its principles
【小题4】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.An approach to assessing nutritional value of food
B.A way to measure the climate impact of food
C.A great indicator of greenhouse-gas emissions
D.A big helper in deciding what to buy
22-23高二下·辽宁沈阳·期末
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“Drink your milk. It’s good for you!” You’ve probably heard that many times, and it’s true. Milk contains calcium, which is a necessary nutrient for keeping bones and teeth healthy and strong. The U.S. government even requires milk as part of the National School Lunch Program, saying that students should drink one cup of fat-free or low-fat milk at each meal.

Last Thursday, however, a group of doctors asked the government to remove milk from the lunch program. The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) says, “Milk is high in sugar, high in fat and high in animal protein, all of which have negative effects on health.” “One of the only reasons people talk about dairy, or promote it, is that it is going to help build strong bones.” says Dr. Neal Barnard, president of the PCRM. There are better and healthier ways to get calcium such as eating beans, broccoli, cereals and tofu. Orange juice and soymilk that have calcium added to them also supply the nutrient.

Of course, calcium is important for healthy bones and teeth, but your genes, how much vitamin D you take in and getting an hour’s worth of exercise every day all play a part.

Some nutritionists disagree with the idea that milk isn’t important. Keri Gans, a dietitian, says, “I think it’s irresponsible to take away this beverage that children enjoy, especially among those who are unable to meet their nutrient needs for the day, and remove it from the lunch line.”

The U.S. government is studying the request of the PCRM, but a decision may be a long way off. Meanwhile, Marion Nestle, a professor at New York University, puts it best: “Milk has nutrients. Other foods have the same nutrients. It’s just a food. Like other foods, too much might be a problem.”

【小题1】Why does the US government ask students to drink one cup of milk at lunch time?
A.They have been told many times.B.They have taken the PCRM’s advice.
C.Fat-free or low-fat milk is less expensive.D.Milk helps build students’ strong bones.
【小题2】Which of the following opinions does the PCRM support?
A.Milk is harmful to students’ health.B.Students should drink more milk each day.
C.Orange juice is higher in calcium than milk.D.Milk is the best way to get calcium.
【小题3】The underlined word “beverage” in Paragraph 4 most probably means ______.
A.geneB.ideaC.milkD.lunch
【小题4】What can we learn from Marion Nestle’s words?
A.Milk has more nutrients than other food.B.Milk is just a kind of common food.
C.Other food also contains much calcium.D.Too much nutrient lies in other food.
【小题5】What does the above text mainly talk about?
A.The best way to get the most calcium.B.The connection between milk and health.
C.Different opinion about the important of milk.D.Whether to take milk off the school-lunch menu.

We eat in our cars, at our desks, on the go, and in front of   the TV. We eat take­out, packaged and prepared meals. Why? Because it fits our not­enough­time­in­the­day lifestyles. 【小题1】 Well, I’m certainly not the first one to think it or say it, but we all need to slow down.

Consumer trends around the globe show that over the past three decades people are purchasing more prepared foods at groceries and eating out more than ever before. It’s predicted that we’ll spend more at restaurants in the coming years. 【小题2】 However, we’re getting less healthy.

While debates can be seen in different media over the food industry’s contribution to our growing waistlines and our health problems, the bottom line is this:【小题3】 We can choose to eat a fast­food lunch on the go. We can throw a frozen meal in the microwave and call it dinner. We can eat without thinking, in front of the tube, at our computers, and while driving a car.

【小题4】 Studies have shown meaningful links between family meals and kids’ mental and physical well­being. Eating sensibly doesn’t take much time or money, but it does require you to make a conscious decision to do so. Wrapped up in endless work, appointments and social activities, we often fail to enjoy a relaxing meal with our families.

While it can be a challenge to always put healthy eating first, just do your best. Remember that the food you eat has a more significant effect on your health, weight and well­being   than almost any other activities you do. 【小题5】 Every meal made at home — even just once or twice a week — is a step closer to a healthier body and a slower eating style.

A.Lunch is the biggest calorie intake when it comes to eating out.
B.Treat it with the importance that it deserves, but start small.
C.Our food matches our lives.
D.Purchase food locally and skip as many packaged items as you can.
E.What we eat, where we eat and how we eat are all under our control.
F.We’re consuming an increasing number of calories.
G.We can devote an hour of the day to enjoying a meal with our families.

Will it matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tests included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.   Opposite to what many people believe, if you don't eat breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.

【小题1】The results of the test show that_______.
A.breakfast has great effect on work and studies
B.breakfast has little to do with a person's work
C.a person will work better if he has simple breakfast
D.those working with brains should have much for breakfast
【小题2】The passage mentions that many people believe that if you don't eat breakfast, you will_______.
A.lose weightB.not lose weight
C.be healthierD.gain a lot of weight
【小题3】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Poor breakfasts affect those who work with their brains.
B.Morning diet(节食)may cause one to get fatter.
C.Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight-losing.
D.Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.
【小题4】According to the passage, if a student does not eat breakfast,       _____   .
A.he will fall illB.he will fail to listen to his teacher
C.he will not make progress in his studyD.his mind will work more slowly

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