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Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. 【小题1】

We firstly studied acts of kindness done for familiar people such as friends, classmates or family. 【小题2】 For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates. Across these experiments, we asked both the person performing a kind act and the one receiving it to fill out questionnaires (问卷).

Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts. 【小题3】 The receivers felt significantly better than the kind actors expected. The receivers also reliably rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.

【小题4】In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.

These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for, These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. 【小题5】

A.So why not choose kindness when we can?
B.For another, it was clear that performers undervalued their impacts.
C.From one situation to the next, the specific acts of kindness differed.
D.We found that participants didn’t realize their positive impacts on strangers as well.
E.Our research also revealed one reason why people may not realize their actions’ impacts.
F.We compared the performers’ expectation of the receivers’ moods with their actual experiences.
G.It is because people performing kind acts undervalue how much receivers value their behaviour.
22-23高一下·北京朝阳·期末
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Scientists know that the internal forces that generate Earth’s magnetic field (磁场) can change and that the strength of the field swings over time. This can lead to gradual shifts in the intensity and location of Earth’s magnetic north and south poles and even reversals where Earth’s magnetic poles trade places.

But are these geomagnetic events responsible for extreme weather, extinction, and even disasters? Claims that Earth’s magnetic field is responsible for climate change are widespread online, but scientists say the theory has no basis. “At this time there aren’t any credible mechanisms that could make it a possibility,” says Gavin Schmidt, a climatologist in New York.” It’s not that we’re ruling out magnetic effects on climate without thinking about it, we collectively have thought about it, and it’s been found devoid.

There are three north poles on Earth: true north, geomagnetic north, and magnetic north. True north is a fixed position on the globe that points directly towards the geographic North Pole. But geomagnetic north, currently located over Canada’s Ellesmere Island, is not a fixed point — it represents the northern axis (轴) of Earth’s magnetosphere and shifts from time to time. Magnetic north corresponds to magnetic field lines and is what your compass locates.

During a pole reversal, Earth’s magnetic north and south poles exchange locations. This happens on average every 300,000 years or so, but the last reversal occurred around 780.000 years ago. Some scientists have assumed that reversals and the corresponding decrease in strength of the magnetic field could cause a big problem that increased solar radiation was able to enter Earth’s atmosphere, altering ozone levels and driving global climate shifts and extinctions.

Kirk Johnson, a director of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, has spent much of his career studying the extinction of dinosaurs. While analyzing fossil records and timelines surrounding his research, Johnson zeroed in on the magnetic reversal that occurred around 66.3million years ago.

Deep ocean samples revealed significant climate change around 66.3 million years ago. But this also coincides with a large volcanic eruption in India called the Deccan volcanism, which produced some of the longest lava (熔岩) flows on Earth. “We’ve always owed that transition to the carbon dioxide released by the Deccan volcanism and the increase of greenhouse gases,” says Johnson. “There are two things happening: The magnetic field is changing, the Deccan volcanism is happening, and there’s climate warming. So that would be an example of coincidental climate change.”

【小题1】The underlined word “devoid” in paragraph 2 probably means        .
A.fruitlessB.obviousC.reasonableD.misleading
【小题2】Which north pole on earth is involved in the pole reversal?
A.True north.B.Geomagnetic north.C.Magnetic north.D.Geographic north
【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The geomagnetic events are to blame for the climate change.
B.The decrease in strength of the magnetic field resulted in extinction.
C.The magnetic field is changing all the time with the climate warming.
D.Internal forces which produce Earth’s magnetic field can alter over time
【小题4】Which of the following statements does Kirk Johnson most probably agree with?
A.A magnetic reversal doesn’t necessarily cause climate change.
B.A magnetic reversal is accompanied with significant climate change
C.The extinction of the dinosaurs is due to the magnetic reversal.
D.Climate change is not relevant to the carbon dioxide emission.

The Internet plays a big part in human life. We use it for work and pleasure. We use it to learn a new language. We find advice on it. We use it to connect with family and friends. We use it to stay in touch with events we care about. The list goes on and on.

As far as the Internet being a part of our lives-well, that train has left the station. There is no going back to an Internet-free life. But can using the Internet too much be bad for our health? It might be, say researchers. A new study finds that heavy Internet use may be connected to high blood pressure (血压) in a young group: teenagers.

The study results show that teens who spend at least 14 hours a week only online may cause high blood pressure, which makes your heart and blood vessels (血管) work too hard. Over time, this extra pressure increases your risk of a heart attack. High blood pressure can also cause heart and other diseases.

The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan did the study. 335 young people, from 14 to 17 years old, took part in it. 134 of the teens were described as "heavy Internet users". And researchers found that out of these 134 teens, 26 had high blood pressure. The researchers say the study is the first to connect heavy web use with high blood pressure.

The lead researchers Andrea Cassidy Bushrow. She said, “Using the Internet is part of our daily life, but it shouldn't ruin us.” Ms. Cassidy-Bushrow adds that it is important for teens to stop to have a rest regularly from their computers or smartphones and do some kind of physical activity. She also suggests that parents shouldn't let their children use the Internet for more than two hours a day, five days a week.

【小题1】What does the underlined part “that train has left the station” mean in paragraph 2?
A.the train has stopped at the wrong station
B.there is something wrong with the station
C.the train has changed its course
D.life without the Internet is nowhere to be found
【小题2】What is Para. 3 mainly about?
A.The advantages of heavy Internet use
B.The disadvantages of heavy Internet use
C.The harm of high blood pressure caused by heavy internet use.
D.Ways to prevent high blood pressure.
【小题3】Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow would agree that________.
A.regular breaks are necessary when using the Internet
B.the Internet will ruin human life in the future
C.teenagers shouldn't use the Internet
D.smartphones are more harmful than computers
【小题4】What can be used as the best title of the passage?
A.Heavy Internet users are mostly teenagers.
B.Too much Internet use may be bad for teenagers
C.Every coin has two sides - so does the Internet.
D.How to prevent teenagers from the Internet.

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What does xMAP mean? Multi-Analyte Profiling, where the “x” represents the biomarkers (such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polyacrylamides) that are being tested.

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【小题1】According to the passage, what is xMAP?
A.A mind map.B.A lest method.C.A navigation map.D.An application.
【小题2】All of the following are advantages of xMAP, except_____________.
A.developing custom analysisB.forming a network structure
C.generating more dataD.saving samples and reagents
【小题3】Which of the following options is correct?
A.The xMAP beads distinguish groups of microspheres by a blue laser.
B.xMAP allows for the capture of a single analyte from multiple reactions.
C.MAP technology is used more in the experimental phase.
D.The “x” in xMAP represents the biomarkers being tested.

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