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Nature is like the mechanism in an enormous clock. Everything is neatly arranged and inter connected. Every individual has its place and its function. Take the wolf for example. As meat-eaters, wolves regulate the number of plant eaters so that they do not multiply too rapidly. All animals and plants are held in a delicate balance.

The wolves remind me of a story from my childhood when my grandfather gave me an old clock. The first thing I did was take the clock apart to find out how it worked. Even though I was convinced that I knew how to put it back together in working order, I couldn’t do it. After I rebuilt it, there were a few cogs (轮齿) left over and a grandfather who was not in the best of moods. In the wild, wolves play the role of such cogs. If we remove them, not only do the enemies of sheep and cattle disappear, but the mechanism of nature also begins to run differently, so differently that rivers change course and many local bird species die out.

And things can also go wrong when a species is added. For example, the introduction of a nonnative fish leads to a massive reduction in the local deer population. Because of a fish? The earth’s ecosystems, it seems, are a bit too complex for us to draw up simple rules of cause and effect. Even conservation measures can have unexpected results. Who knew, for example, that recovering crane () populations in Europe would affect the production of Iberian ham?

So it’s high time we took a good look at the interconnections between species both large and small. It’s important for us to realize that even small interventions(介入)can have huge consequences, and we’d do better to keep our hands off everything in nature that we do not absolutely have to touch.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in paragraph1?
A.Control.B.Count.C.Record.D.Increase.
【小题2】What does the author want to show with the story in paragraph 2?
A.Curiosity kills the cat.B.Grandfather’s love lasts.
C.Clocks are complex.D.Every part counts.
【小题3】Why can things also go wrong when a species is added?
A.Local species die out due to the nonnative one.
B.Rules of cause and effect are obvious in nature.
C.The interconnections in nature are complicated.
D.Conservation projects are too hard to complete.
【小题4】What does the author suggest people do?
A.Show mercy to small animals.B.Stay away from conservation.
C.Take a new look at meat-eaters.D.Think twice before stepping in.
22-23高一下·安徽黄山·期末
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Bee protection is a big issue these days in America, with people planting native pollinator gardens, setting up bee houses, and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations. And this is for good reason — in North America, a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction. Bees pollinate 35percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.

No Mow May, a movement that began in the U. K., is now rapidly spreading throughout the U. S. Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a little help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May. This lets “lawn flowers” such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare.

Dandelions, despite being pretty and useful, are non-native. Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth? Here’s the basic answer — don’t let “perfect” be the enemy of “good”. Sure, it would be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants, but that can take lots of time and money.

While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May, other plants, including native species, may also appear in your lawn. “Besides dandelions, there are many other plants that are going to be there,” says Dr. Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

In Massachusetts, scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns, 30 percent of which were native to the state. Most Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture, which allows no flowers. “No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature. We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs, and realize flowers play really important roles,” says Dr. Claudio Gratton.

【小题1】What is the background to No Mow May in the U. S.?
A.Native bee species are increasing. B.There is a tendency to protect bees.
C.Bees mainly depend on garden plants. D.More people have no time to cut lawns.
【小题2】What do we know about No Mow May?
A.It needs almost no cost.B.Few Americans support it.
C.It is aimed at planting dandelions.D.It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.
【小题3】What does the underlined part “poster child” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.General principle.B.Rare exception.
C.Typical example.D.Difficult problem.
【小题4】Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture?
A.A bee-friendly lawn.B.A regularly cut lawn.
C.A lawn growing naturally.D.A lawn with native flowers.

A group of wild elephants have become an overnight Internet focus in China and global. The group first caught the attention of the locals in March 2020, after they suddenly left their home in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.

While the original group was made of 16, two of which decided to return home after a week. The rest have continued their journey northward, stopping only for a short break in November 2020 to allow a newly born baby elephant and its mother to rest.

Since leaving the reserve, the elephants have walked over 310 miles. Along the way, they have got into farms for food and water, walked through urban streets, and even paid a visit to a car shop and a retirement home. Thanks to the alarming eye of the government officials no animals or people have been hurt. However, they have destroyed more than $1 million worth.

Researchers are not sure why the elephants decided to leave or where they are headed. While elephants are known to leave their habitats (栖息地) in search of food, this is the longest moving of wild elephants recorded in China. Because of the extreme distance traveled, some doubt that the elephants may be lost. However, other scientists think the elephants were forced to move due to deforestation. Successful protection efforts have almost doubled the elephant population in the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve and the surrounding regions. However, their natural habitat has been continuously reduced to make room for agricultural development.

We’ve seen elephants expanding their range for decades now, as their populations increase, and they search for more food for the growing group, Becky Shu Chen, a scientist at the Zoological Society of London, told The Washington Post.

The wandering elephants, search for a suitable home has not gone unnoticed by the millions of locals that eagerly follow their daily movements on social media Adam Chang, assigned to deliver food to the elephants, says, “Before this meeting, I just felt curious about animals. Now, I think I would volunteer in animal rights groups to preserve those giant creatures.”

【小题1】Where is wild elephants’ home according to the text?
A.Yunnan Wild Animal Park.B.Zoological Society of London.
C.Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.D.Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden
【小题2】What does the underlined word “headed” probably mean in the fourth paragraph?
A.Went forward.B.Settled down.C.A body part.D.Look around.
【小题3】What might have caused the elephants wandering out of their habitats?
A.They didn’t have enough food
B.They had no sense of direction.
C.The leader of the group led the wrong way.
D.People grew crops to attract the elephants.
【小题4】What is the main idea of the text?
A.Some wild elephants went northward.
B.China made great progress in protecting wildlife.
C.It’s difficult to keep balance between animal protection and agricultural development.
D.China’s wandering wild elephant group attracts the world’s attention.

Norway aims to discover new resources beneath the sea, but its push into mining has raised environmental concerms.

Norway could license companies for deep-sea mining as early as 2023. That could place it among the first countries to harvest seabed metals. Copper, zinc and other metals are in high demand for electric vehicle batteries, wind turbines and solar energy centers. However, that could also place Norway on the front line of controversies over the environmental risks of mining the world’s unexplored seabeds.

Norway recently announced it was carrying out an environmental study needed to start mineral exploration and mining. Once that is completed, the govemment plans to have public comments on its environmental study and on a proposal to open areas for exploration and production by the end of 2022.

The demand for minerals is being driven by what are often called “clean” technologies. But the process of getting those minerals from the seabed could cause environmental problems.

Environmentalists including Britain’s David Attenborough have called for a temporary (暂时的) stop to deepseabed mining until more is known about how it affects sea life. The environmental group Greenpeace called for a total ban in a recent report. In another report, the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy, known as the Ocean Panel, also called for greater knowledge about the effects of deep-sea mining. The Ocean Panel is cochaired by Norway and has 14 member states that want to shape policy on the world’s oceans.

Norway is known as a major oil producer. But, the country of 5. 4 million people wants to find something to replace its top industry that is better for the environment and can grow in the future.

The move toward deep-sea mining follows three years of expeditions(探险). The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, which carried out the work, said it found copper, zinc, cobalt, gold and silver. The expeditions also discovered large armounts of lithium and the rare earth metal scandium used in electronics and metal mixtures.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “controversies”in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Power.B.Benefits.
C.Arguments.D.Popularity.
【小题2】What does Norway plan to do after finishing the environmental study?
A.Decide mining areas.B.Ask for people’s opinions.
C.Start seabed mining at once.D.Take action to protect nature.
【小题3】What is the attitude of environmentalists towards sea mining?
A.Unsupportive.B.Positive.
C.Unclear.D.Uncaring.
【小题4】Which agrees with Norway’s aim of mining metals?
A.Earning more money.B.Controlling the areas.
C.Developing clean energy.D.Learning about sea resources.

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