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Would you bully a driverless car or show it respect?

Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.

What do you do?

【小题1】 Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a beckoning wave.

But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?

Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind.   【小题2】 This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.

His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind our assumed parked truck for a long time.

Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering; it’s about human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. 【小题3】 “If you view the road as a social space, you will consciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortable engaging with AVs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.

【小题4】 That skepticism usually diminishes with usage, however.

A.Many of us just drive on as we have right of way.
B.It is this social aspect that makes many people suspicious(怀疑的) about driverless cars.
C.The latest robot cars are able to make the necessary eye contact with a human driver.
D.Humans are always sceptical about new technologies of which they have little experience.
E.Even many people with skepticism accept that emotionless AVs could cause fewer accidents than we humans.
F.These safety-first robot cars could become victims of their own politeness and end up being bullied and ignored by aggressive, impatient humans.
23-24高一上·全国·单元测试
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The London Underground (The Tube)

The main source of public transport in London revolves around the Underground (or the Tube as it is known to Londoners). This network of 12 lines can get you to most places in the center of the city quickly.

It’s almost necessary to get an Oyster card or a Travel card. Single tickets are priced starting at the intentionally absurd (荒谬的) price of £4.80 (Zone 1-3), if you pay cash. Using an Oyster Card, a single fare is £2.30 if you are traveling within the central Zone 1.

On hot days it is also advisable to take a bottle of water with you as Underground trains are not air-conditioned.

Last trains leave central London at around 00: 30 weekdays, 23:30 Sundays. First trains leave the suburbs at around 5:00.

The Bus System

Outside the center of London, Tube Stations are farther apart, so buses help fill the gaps. Also, the bus offers a cheaper alternative, even if it is as lower journey.

Cash fares for London buses have been abolished — you cannot pay cash. A bus fare costs £1.50 if people only use buses, and the fare is capped at £4.40 per day for Oyster or contactless card users.

Light Rail and Trains

You can think of the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) and the Tramlink as extensions of the Underground, Travelcards purchased at Tube Stations in East London. The DLR connects with a number of the other train services (including connections at Tower Hill or Bank Stations) and can be used to reach Greenwich, Canary Wharf, and Stratford.

River Services

There are a number of different routes along the River Thames. The faster commuter services operate all day from Greenwich Pier to Embankment and from Putney and Chelsea harbour to Blackfriars during peak hours only. These routes will pass a number of places of interest including the Houses of Parliament and London Bridge. A return fare from Putney to Blackfriars will cost about 12 pounds.

National Rail

Once you leave central London or if you are traveling South of the River Thames, the best public transport option will often be National Rail. There are numerous connections to the Rail System from the Tube. Travelcards can be used for travel on the National Rail (but not the Heathrow Express). Oyster cards can be used up to Zone 6 except certain services including Heathrow Express, Heathrow Connect and HSI.

【小题1】When taking the London Underground, you ________.
A.should buy tickets with cash
B.can go to anyplace in London quickly
C.can save more money with a single ticket
D.are advised to take a bottle of water along on hot days
【小题2】An Oyster or contactless card user will pay no more than ________ per day using only buses to travel around London.
A.£4.80B.£4.40
C.£2.30D.£1.50
【小题3】If you use river services along the River Thames, you will pass ________.
A.London BridgeB.Stratford
C.Canary WharfD.Tower Hill
【小题4】To travel South of the River Thames, it is recommended that you use ________.
A.the London UndergroundB.the Bus System
C.the DLR and the TramlinkD.National Rail

French officials are preparing to offer flying taxi services to people attending the Paris Summer Olympics in 2024. If the taxis are actually used in the French capital, it could mark the first major real world show of the flying technology.

Some air taxi developers attended the recent Paris Air Show to show off their products and seek industry support. One of the companies in attendance was Germany’s Volocopter, which plans to offer a flying taxi service during the Olympics.

But so far, no air taxi maker has received government permission to launch service in France. Volocopter hopes to be the first. But the company still needs to run its aircraft through rigorous weather tests and provide thousands of pages of documentation to the European Union Aviation Safety Agency.

Company chief Dirk Hoke said that in addition to worries about government approvals, air taxi companies have also faced difficulties linked to economic slowdowns affecting the world. Robin Riedel, who co-leads the Center for Future Mobility at the business advisory company McKinsey, said companies formed to support air taxi projects have lost about 30 percent of their value in recent years. In addition, many investors(投资人) have decided to put money into drones(无人机) instead of flying taxis.

Hoke has thought about a person he would like to be the first rider of his flying taxis-French President Emmanuel Macron. “That would be super amazing,”Hoke said, “That would be a strong sign to Europe to see the president flying.”

In the beginning, air taxi trips are likely to be short and costly. This is because current battery technology limits the distance and number of paying passengers the aircraft can carry. The long-term success of air taxis will also be dependent on effective systems to manage all the air traffic using the skies. Experts say such systems will need new technology to provide safety for all flyers. As the industry progresses, the number of air taxis is expected to reach into the millions.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “rigorous” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Strict.B.Simple.C.Creative.D.Similar.
【小题2】Why does Hoke want Macron to be the first to take the air taxi?
A.To secure the president’s investment.
B.To welcome the Paris Summer Olympics.
C.To increase public trust in air taxis.
D.To get government approval more quickly.
【小题3】What probably make air taxi trips short and costly at present?
A.Crowded roads.B.Limitations of batteries.
C.Investors’ requirements.D.The government’s decisions.
【小题4】What is important for the long-term success of air taxis?
A.The rapid development of drones.
B.An industry report to ensure safety.
C.The strong support from French officials.
D.A good system for managing all air traffic.

Carpooling (拼车) can be a great way to go to work. 【小题1】 It can also be a great way to decrease boredom and lower stress on your ride to work. Here, we will look at some tips to help make your carpooling successful and stress-free.

【小题2】 You need to clearly outline what time everyone is expected to be ready and who will be doing the driving each day. You can alternate drivers every day, week, month, or whatever works for your schedule. Ensure that you are always punctual for picking people up when driving, and you are always ready when the car pool arrives to pick you up. 【小题3】

Another thing to consider is creating a list of rules and policies ahead of time. 【小题4】 Make people know that the carpooling is for going to and from work, not running errands, and ask that everyone should gas up their cars before departing. Blasting music may be one persons morning pick-me-up (提神的事物) but another’s morning headache, so set rules for the use of the radio early and don’t break them.

Finally, be certain that everyone is respectful of the carpooling. This means always being on time, ensuring that peopled vehicles are kept calm, not leaving trash to the car and ensuring everyone has good manners during the ride.

A quiet morning commute (通勤) can be a good way to start the day. 【小题5】

A.This will save you tons of time.
B.Be certain that everyone is punctual.
C.For example, don’t eat or smoke in your car.
D.This will make your carpooling the most efficient.
E.Riding together can save money on gas and parking.
F.Making your carpooling peaceful can make all the difference.
G.One thing to consider is that you have a good schedule established.

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