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Many people assume Egypt is, and always has been, a desert. But considering that climates and landscapes can change over time and that humans have been known to change natural environments, was ancient Egypt a desert?

The simple answer is no. Not all of Egypt, ancient or modern, qualifies as a desert. Areas near the Nile River tend to be lusher (草木繁茂的), and Egyptians — in both ancient and modern times — have had a successful system of agriculture. However, the environment has changed over Egypt’s history, and the construction of the Aswan High Dam (坝) across the Nile between 1960 and 1970 changed the landscape greatly.

Some areas of Egypt that are now desert were wetter in the past. One famous example is the “Cave of Swimmers” in southwestern Egypt. Today, the area is very dry, but thousands of years ago, it was wetter, and some of the rock art found in caves in the area appears to show people swimming, according to the British Museum.

The Aswan High Dam caused some areas in southern Egypt to flood, leading to the creation of Lake Nasser. Many people had to move, and some archaeological (考古的) sites ended up underwater. The construction of the dam also ended the natural flooding of the Nile. The creation of Lake Nasser also led to more moisture (水分) in the air in some areas of southern Egypt.

One effect of the generally higher Nile River levels during the Bronze Age is that around 2500 B. C., when the pyramids at Giza were constructed, the “Khufu branch”, a vanished (消失的) branch of the Nile River, came right next to the pyramids (金字塔). This branch allowed for materials to be transported to the site by boat, aiding in pyramid construction.

The ancient Egyptians who lived by the Nile in some ways viewed themselves as living on an island in the Nile Valley, with the deserts as a sort of great sea.

【小题1】What can we know about “Cave of Swimmers”?
A.It used to be very dry.B.The rock art shows it used to be wet.
C.It’s near the British Museum.D.It shows ancient Egyptians loved art.
【小题2】What’s the result of the completion of the Aswan High Dam?
A.It saves some Egypt archaeological sites.
B.It brings in too much trouble for Egyptians.
C.It affects Egypt both positively and negatively.
D.It leads to more moisture in the air in the whole Egypt.
【小题3】How did Khufu branch affect Egypt?
A.By making Nile River water level higher.
B.By helping people build pyramids more easily.
C.By making ancient Egyptians live on an island.
D.By leading some branches of the Nile River disappear.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.Was Ancient Egypt a Desert?B.Do You Know Deserts in Egypt?
C.Was Egypt a Great Country?D.Do You Know Ancient Egypt?
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Named “America’s Finest City” due to its hospitality, beauty and ideal climate, San Diego is located on the border with Mexico. The residents are so active outdoors that it is called “Sportstown, the U.S.A.” San Diego’s 70 miles of beaches are a heaven for swimmers, surfers, divers, boaters and sunbathers. Another favourite outside activity is golf. With 100 courses (about 50 of them public), San Diego is a golfer’s paradise.

Many San Diego residents came here first as tourists who were attracted by San Diego’s sunny beaches, nearby mountains and deserts, plus the cultural delights of any big city. The world-famous San Diego Zoo, Sea World, Wild Animal Park, museums, conceits and other attractions bring visitors from around the world.

The zoo is home to some 4,000 animals, including the world’s largest collection of parrots. Animals are displayed in natural settings, and there is a petting zoo for children. By contrast, the Wild Animal Park is a wildlife preserve with an area of over 2,000 acres and more than 3,000 free-roaming (漫步) animals in natural habitats.

In addition to housing the zoo, Balboa Park is home to several museums and attractions, including an aerospace museum, an art and history museum, the Old Globe Theatre, science museums and even a railroad museum. Free concerts are offered frequently. Another popular attraction is Sea World, a 150-acre marine park.

San Diego’s varied attractions, as well as its business climate, offer many opportunities for students to explore the local culture, meet people from around the world, and gain business experience. At San Diego State University, for example, students in the American Language Institute’s study tour program learn English both in the classroom and while sightseeing.

【小题1】The residents of San Diego probably like to _____.
A.have sports outdoors
B.travel to other places
C.stay at home
D.stay outdoors all day
【小题2】Many San Diego residents came to settle down in San Diego because _____.
A.it was more convenient to live there
B.they were attracted by its beauty and culture
C.they could make money from tourism there
D.it was a quiet place to enjoy themselves
【小题3】Which of the following most attracts children?
A.The parrots.
B.The art and history museum.
C.The petting zoo.
D.The Old Globe Theatre.
【小题4】We can infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A.San Diego is a good place for students to gain practical experience
B.San Diego State University is most famous for language studies
C.San Diego is not a good place to do business
D.students at San Diego State University don’t have to work hard

The Terracotta Army is one of the must-visit attractions for all travellers to China. The attraction is located in Xi’an, in west China’s Shaanxi Province.

What’s special?


The Terracotta Army is the buried army of Qin Shi Huang, an ancient Chinese emperor. These ancient sculptures were built and buried over two thousand years ago near the city of Xi’an. They were discovered in 1974 by farmers digging a well looking for underground water. Over eight thousand terracotta warriors and horses have been uncovered since then. Each warrior is made of clay (黏土). They are around two meters tall. The sculptures are so detailed that it is possible to guess the age, rank and personality of each one. None of the soldiers are the same.

The best time to visit

The Terracotta Army is an indoor attraction which is not likely to be affected by weather, so it can be visited all year round.

As the museum is one of the must-visit attractions in China, it is crowded most of the time. We advise our customers to avoid the following periods when the museum is particularly crowded:

• National Day Holiday (October 1 -7), when it is fully packed.

• Labour Day Holiday

Weather in winter is dry, cold and the least comfortable, and it’s also the worst season for air quality, but it’s also low season.

Travel style: private, group or independent?

A private tour means a lot of flexibility (灵活性), and you will be well taken care of by a private guide and a driver. The museum is crowded most of the time, but our guides know how to escape the crowds, and help you to enjoy more in the museum. See our 3-Day Terracotta Warriors Private Tour.

Going with a group you won’t get lost, but it lacks flexibility and personal service.

Travelling on your own, you may meet a lot of trouble, such as wasting time on finding a taxi or public bus to the attraction, lining up for tickets, reading maps, making sense of Chinese signs, etc.

【小题1】What can we know about the Terracotta Army?
A.The warriors are made of clay.
B.The warriors are of the same age.
C.It is closed on rainy days.
D.It is usually displayed outdoors.
【小题2】Which is the best time to avoid crowds?
A.Summer holidays.
B.National Day Holiday.
C.Labour Day Holiday.
D.Clear winter days.
【小题3】If you want to travel with least trouble, which should you choose?
A.A private tour.
B.A tour group.
C.Travelling on your own.
D.A family tour.

One of the world’s most twisted (扭曲的) towers has been revealed in Chongqing, China. The Dance Of Light Tower, designed by the British architecture firm Aedas and completed in 2022, is 180 meters tall and features a twisted appearance that imitates the shape of the northern lights, according to a press release.

“Located on Xingfu Square in the Jiangbei District of Chongqing, the building utilizes the simple and elegant form of double-twisted appearance to create the impression that the building is being twisted,” the firm said. According to Ken Wai, Aedas lead designer, the appearance “is not only an outlook expression, but also a way of protection that shapes inner spaces into special forms”.

The designers were inspired by the dancing aurora — the rays and spirals of the polar lights often seen in the Arctic and Antarctic — so light plays a key role in highlighting the twisted shape of the structure. The view of the tower varies from different angles as light reflects and bends over the glass appearance. “When night falls, the twisted appearance shows reflections that are similar to the dancing figure of a pretty dancer,” said Aedas in the press release.

Twisted high-rises have grown in popularity over the last decade thanks to advances in construction, engineering and architectural computer programs. Other popular twisted buildings include MAD Architects’ Absolute World Towers, located in Canada and completed in 2012, as well as the 306-meter-high Cayan Tower in Dubai, designed by Skidmore, Owings&Merrill and completed in 2013.

According to Aedas, the Dance Of Light Tower has a “twisting angle” of up to 8.8 degrees per floor, which the studio believes is nearly 1.5 times more than any other super high-rise tower. “As an open public space, the tower has all the credits to be a city icon (图标), especially the significant twisting of the appearance is remarkable,” Wai added.

【小题1】What is special about the Dance Of Light Tower?
A.It is the tallest building in China now.B.The building materials are distinctive.
C.It is designed by a Canadian company.D.It copies the northern lights in shape.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “utilizes” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Applies.B.Completes.C.Decorates.D.Receives.
【小题3】What do we know from the third paragraph?
A.The tower has various impressive angles.B.Twisted towers have gained in popularity.
C.Lights create different views of the tower.D.The designer of the tower likes dancing.
【小题4】What does Wai mainly intend to convey in the last paragraph?
A.The tower has quite different inside spaces.
B.The tower will attract a great number of visitors.
C.The tower offers an open space to citizens to seek shelter.
D.The twisting angle of most twisted towers is about 13.2 degree.

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