If you’ve ever eaten a free doughnut (甜甜圈) on the first Friday in June, you’ve celebrated the Doughnut Lassies — whether you realized it or not. National Doughnut Day was established to honor the Salvation Army volunteers who fried sugary snacks for World War I soldiers on the front line.
When the US entered World War I in 1917, the Salvation Army, a charity organization, sent about 250 volunteers (who were mostly women) to France, where the American army was stationed. The plan was to bring treats and supplies as close to the front line as possible. But the closer the volunteers got to the action, the fewer resources they could access.
Margaret Sheldon and Helen Purviance were credited with bringing doughnuts to the Wester Front. They had a handful of ingredients, including flour, sugar, animal fats, baking powder and canned milk. Doughnuts were one of the few sweet foods they could make without an oven, and once they had a fire hot enough to heat the oil, they could fry them up fast. The women had the pan to cook them in, but for other parts, they had to get creative. For example, grape juice bottles became rolling pins (擀面杖) when necessary.
Sheldon and Purviance’s pan could fit seven doughnuts at a time, and on day one, they made just 150 doughnuts for the group of 800 men. The soldiers even fought over a doughnut. Then they made some changes to their operation, and eventually made 5,000 doughnuts a day. The snacks were so popular that the volunteers earned the nickname “Doughnut Lassies”, while the soldiers they served were nicknamed “Doughboys”.
The Doughnut Lassies’ impact didn’t end with World War Ⅰ. The American soldiers’ experiences overseas made doughnuts a commonly eaten food for them back home.
【小题1】What is the purpose of the Salvation Army in sending the volunteers?A.To learn about life on the front line. | B.To provide French soldiers with food. |
C.To bring food and supplies to the front line. | D.To increase the number of soldiers on the front line. |
A.Soldiers preferred doughnuts. | B.They were best at making doughnuts. |
C.Doughnuts allowed them to be creative. | D.Doughnuts were their best choice then. |
A.They felt hopeless. | B.They were confused. |
C.They were encouraged. | D.They became a bit angry. |
A.Doughnuts were more popular out of the US. |
B.The American soldiers got tired of doughnuts. |
C.The Doughnut Lassies’ impact didn’t last long. |
D.Doughnuts became popular in the US after the war. |
At 11:50, the bell rings. We students rush to the canteen at an amazing speed to enjoy our lunch. Have we ever stopped to see what happens after the meal?
This irresponsible food waste deed can never be tolerated. It reflects poorly on our hygiene practice (食品良好卫生规范).
Let’s learn from a Michelin-star chef who says that he will always respect the fish he cooks. Why?
Let’s respect our food and share the joy of living well through giving food to those in need.
A.Some unfinished food is taken away to the dormitory. |
B.We can also pack food from home or buy canned food or biscuits to give to the needy. |
C.The ideal picture would be this: the chef sees his hard work being rewarded when piles of empty. |
D.Simply, he recognizes the sacrifices the fisherman makes. |
E.Similarly, we should respect and appreciate our food more. |
F.And some of these foods have not even touched the students’ lips. |
G.It also shows that little thought has been put in preventing food wastage. |
Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.
Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample (品尝) each one. The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers (辣椒) grown in space. The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July.
Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants. After growing for four months, the peppers were harvested on Friday.
Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C, as well as other key nutrients. Pepper plants self-pollinate (自花授粉), so they are easy to grow, and they are a pick-and-eat crop that doesn’t have to be cooked. They are also safe to eat raw.
A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell, so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favorite. Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals. But growing and tending to the plants can also produce other benefits.
Astronauts have described the joy from seeing — as well as smelling and caring for — leafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth.
“Growing colorful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health,” said Matt Romeyn, principal investigator for the experiment. “We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colors and smells helps to improve astronauts’ well-being.”
【小题1】How is the food astronauts eat on the space station?A.Always fresh. | B.Lack of nutrients. |
C.Never tasty. | D.Full of vitamins. |
A.The technology. | B.Growing process. |
C.The varieties of plants. | D.Growing time required. |
A.Peppers are delicious. | B.Peppers can improve memory. |
C.Peppers help prevent diseases. | D.Peppers can restore appetite. |
A.The Fun of Growing Chili Peppers in Space |
B.The Agricultural Goal in the Space Mission |
C.The First Chili Peppers Grown in Space |
D.The Chili Peppers Used in the Space Mission |
The wealthy people of Spain first enjoyed a sweetened chocolate drink. Later, the popularity of the drink spread throughout Europe. Chocolate remained a drink that only wealthy people could afford to drink until the eighteenth century. During the period known as the Industrial Revolution, new technologies helped make chocolate less costly to produce.
Farmers grow cacao trees in many countries in Africa, Central and South America, but these trees are difficult to grow. They require an exact amount of water, warmth, soil and protection. After about five years, cacao trees start producing large fruits called pods, which grow near the trunk of the tree. The seeds inside these pods are harvested to make chocolate. Growing cacao is very hard work for farmers. Today, chocolate industry officials, activists, and scientists are working with farmers. They are trying to make sure that cacao can be grown in a way that is easy for the farmers and safe for the environment.
The market value of the yearly cacao crop around the world is more than five billion dollars. Chocolate is especially popular in Europe and the United States. Each year, Americans eat an average of more than 5 kilograms of chocolate per person. Specialty shops that sell costly chocolate are also very popular. Many offer chocolate lovers the chance to taste chocolate grown in different areas of the world.
【小题1】We can learn from the passage that chocolate was .
A.served with a drink in old times |
B.popular with people around the world |
C.a drink enjoyed by the rich in old times |
D.bought easily in stores in old times |
A.A warm climate. | B.Official aid. |
C.New technologies. | D.Scientific protection. |
A.Simple and time-saving. |
B.Safe and labour-saving |
C.Easy and labour-saving |
D.Easy and environment-friendly. |
A.Scientists are trying to help people find various cacaos. |
B.The chocolate industry is developing rapidly only in European countries. |
C.People in America love to produce dear chocolate. |
D.Chocolate making is probably a big international business. |
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