Monkeys do not like it when others get more food than they do, according to a new study.

Researchers from Yale and Harvard 【小题1】(university) found Capuchin monkeys punish monkeys that get more food. “This sort of, ' If I can't have it, no one can ' 【小题2】(respond)is because of psychological spite (怨恨）,and it was【小题3】 (previous) thought unique to humans,” said Kristin Leimgruber of Harvard University. She is a co-author of the research study. The researchers watched as some Capuchin monkeys【小题4】 (give) more food than others. They found that monkeys getting the 【小题5】(small) share pulled a rope to fold up a table holding the other monkey’s bigger share.

Another lead researcher, Laurie Santas, explained over email, “I think 【小题6】we can conclude about humans is that some of our more 【小题7】(embarrass) tendencies have relatively deep roots.” Santos said the spiteful reaction was not present with another member of the ape species—chimpanzees(黑猩猩).

An earlier study, she said, showed chimpanzees would fold up the table of other chimpanzees 【小题8】(steal) food from them.【小题9】they would not punish chimpanzees who just happened to have more food, Santos said. 【小题10】other words, it was fine if another chimpanzee had more food as long as they did not steal it.

Every autumn, millions of the North American monarch butterflies begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4,000 kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico. However, until recently no one 【小题1】 (know) how they did this.

A team of scientists 【小题2】 (lead) by Professor Eli Shlizerman has now found the answer. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes 【小题3】 (measure) the position of the sun. These two pieces of information allow the butterfly 【小题4】 (determine) the way to go. Finally, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.

【小题5】 (sad), human activity is the main reason 【小题6】 the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the 【小题7】 (nature) environment. They cut 【小题8】 trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.

The research on the monarch’s behaviour has however led to a greater 【小题9】 (aware) of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, there may come a time when 【小题10】 number of monarch butterflies increases once again.

Pandas are not only a national treasure, but are loved around the world. The furry black-and-white animals have played 【小题1】 important role in the country's diplomacy (外交).

According to the Japanese Royal Annual, the practice dates back to the Tang Dynasty, when Empress Wu Zetian sent a pair of pandas 【小题2】 the Japanese emperor. China renewed panda diplomacy in the 1950s when China sent two pandas to the Moscow Zoo. By 1982, China 【小题3】 (give) 23 pandas to nine different countries. However, most of them have died. China stopped 【小题4】 (give) away pandas in the early 1980s. Instead, the animals are loaned to other countries. In general, they are to be returned to China after 10 【小题5】 (year).

But these cute Pandas are much 【小题6】（difficult）to survive in other countries than in China. Why? According to Xinhua, their eating habit is one main reason. Their nutrition 【小题7】(most) comes from bamboo shoots. Adult giant pandas consume about 40 kilograms of bamboo daily . However, 【小题8】 takes 10 years for a new crop of bamboo to mature（成熟）, and many countries do not have an environment 【小题9】 is suitable for bamboo to grow.

Based on the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind （人类命运共同体）, countries are trying their best to protect them. "We don't own the pandas, 【小题10】 the whole world wants to help save the panda, and we do that through our knowledge exchange, " Steven Mon fort, director of the Smithsonian's National Zoo said.