When we use “okay”, “OK” , “kk” or other similar words at work, we may pass on meanings we don’t intend. “OK” is a basic word of acceptance we say out loud to show agreement, but when you use it in digital work spaces such as Slack, or email, you may be communicating negativity or anger.
In the mind of an anxious employee, an “OK” or “okay” can become roof of Trendiness and
Judgement in text-based communication. When the boss answers a deadline request with just“OK”in an email, the two-letter word can suddenly sound indescribable. When a colleague replies to a paragraph-long question with a one letter on Slack, it can send us into an anxious panic, thinking the sender is mad at us. Why does simply saying “okay” or any of its other forms, such as the briefer “kay“, or “ kk”, not always sound OK online? One expert has an answer.
Gretchen Mcculloch, an Internet linguist and author of the upcoming book Because Internet, said OK is not born to be rude but something else matters. “Anything that’s shorter can sound rude, and anything that’s longer can sound more polite, ”Mcculloch said. This may be one subconscious reason that many of us add our Oks with pleasant expression like OK, great! ”or OK, sounds good “to express that we come in peace. Those extra words can make all the difference. ” Having two things there, listeners may feel you have gone through a bit of an extra effort and it is that extra effort that makes some-thing more polite Mcculloch said, “These real unnoticeable things are often what our vague (模糊的) social impressions are made out of.”
【小题1】Which of the following idea may the writer support?A.Be careful using “OK ”in online work-place communication. |
B.The meaning of OK “varies from person to person. |
C.Try to avoid using”OK “in group communication. |
D.OK ”may have rich meanings in the work-place. |
A.OK“sometimes shows satisfaction with work. |
B.OK”“in written form is hard to express feelings. |
C.It’s best to use”OK“less when facing unfamiliar people. |
D.Simply replying with “OK” may cause misunderstandings at work. |
A.The length of it |
B.The ending words. |
C.the response speed. |
D.The pronunciation of it. |
A.Express more positive feelings instead of only saying OK |
B.Take extra time to practice saying OK in a pleasant way |
C.Add extra words based on the characters of the listeners |
D.Find some more polite words to replace it. |
The dialect (方言) regions of the United arc most clearly marked along the Atlantic coast, where the earlier settlements (定居地) were created. There dialects can be defined: Northern, Midland, and Southern.
To some extent these regions save the traditional speech of southeastern and southern England, where most of the early colonists were born. The first settlers that arrived in Virginia (1607) and Massachusetts (1620) soon learned to adapt old words to new uses, but they were also pleased to borrow names from the local Indian languages for unknown trees, such as hickory and persimmon trees, and for unfamiliar animals, such as raccoons and woodchucks. Later they took words from other foreign settlers — the French and the Dutch.
Before the Declaration of Independence (1776), two-thirds of the immigrants (移民) had come from England, but after that date immigrants from Ireland arrived in large numbers. The Great Hunger of 1845-1852 drove 1.5 million Irish to seek homes in the New World, and the European Revolutions of 1848 drove as many Germans to settle in Pennsylvania and the Midwest. After the close of the American Civil War in 1865, millions of Scandinavians, Slavs, and Italians crossed the ocean and eventually settled mostly in the North Central and Upper Midwest states. In some areas of South Carolina and Georgia, Africans working on rice and cotton plantations developed a language called Gullah, which made use of many structural and vocabulary features of their native languages.
The speech of the Atlantic Seaboard shows far greater differences in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary than that of any area in the North Central states, the Upper Midwest, the Rocky Mountains, or the Pacific Coast. Today, urbanization, quick transport, and television have decreased some dialectal differences in the United States. On the other hand, immigrant groups have introduced new varieties in which the influence of their native languages is evident, and some immigrant languages are widely spoken.
【小题1】Why did the first settlers borrow local Indian words?A.To communicate with the locals. |
B.To enrich their own languages. |
C.To deepen their friendships with Indians. |
D.To learn about Indians’ traditional culture. |
A.It borrowed plenty of words from English. |
B.It was based on Africans’ native languages. |
C.It had rich words to describe farming practices. |
D.It was mainly spoken in the North Central stales. |
A.Convenient transportation. |
B.Widespread use of the Internet. |
C.The growth of nationwide population. |
D.The rise of people’s educational level. |
A.The origin of dialects in the US. |
B.America’s immigration history. |
C.The attractiveness of the United States. |
D.The importance of cross-cultural communication. |
Most of time black and white appears as opposites. White means light and purity(纯洁),while black is darkness and evil. But it is not always true. Sometimes the words are used differently.
White hats and black hats represent the traditional meaning of the words. The hats are used to tell the “good guys” and the “bad guys” in American western movies. Now the tradition of white hats and black hats is no longer a part of movie making,but you still hear the expression when people talk about good guys and bad guys. “A black sheep” is a person who does things that are not accepted,who breaks tradition. “A black sheep” is rejected(被排斥)because he brings shame to his group. A family may have a member who is thought of as “a black sheep”,a person who is not welcome at family gatherings.
Black is also used in some expressions that describe good things. Being “in the black” for example,is a good thing for anyone. It is a business expression that means a company is making money. When someone says his business is “in the red”,he means it is losing money.
White usually means something good. A “white collar” job,for example,is the kind of job many people want. It is a job where you work at a desk,using your brain instead of your muscles. Sometimes white is used in an expression that is not good. “Whitewash” is such an expression. At first “whitewash” meant to paint over something with a white paint to make it look better. But now “whitewash” has a different meaning: to hide or cover up mistakes or failures.
【小题1】When a person is called “a black sheep”,it shows that______.A.he is as black as a sheep |
B.he always feels on top of the world |
C.he will create wonders |
D.he is not welcomed by people around him |
A.People usually think of black and white as opposites. |
B.White hats and black hats are only used in movies. |
C.White hats and black hats represent the “good guys” and the bad guys. |
D.Black usually means something bad while white often means something good. |
A.a black sheep | B.black hats | C.in the black | D.whitewash |
Types of Words
There are tens of thousands of words in the English language, and along with social and scientific progress, new words appear frequently.
There is another type of words: those used by people who are not well educated or by people of special groups, such as people of a particular region or an age group.
A.Apart from the common words, there are words used by people of special professions or fields, on special occasions or for special purposes. |
B.These words belong to standard words. |
C.The total number of English words, if it could be found out, must be surprisingly large. |
D.These words are generally formal, and may be called formal and technical words. |
E.Besides the easy common words, there are some difficult technical words for us to remember. |
F.Some of these words may not be understandable to people in general, and may disappear after short period of time. |
G.They may be called nonstandard words. |
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