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Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information.

So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance?

Previously, a New Zealand team (University of Auckland) carried out an experiment on posture when we walk, especially in the street. The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless arms have a negative influence on our mental state.

Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. Not only does our spontaneous posture have a psychological effect, but by correcting it, it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term.

In this other study, this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg), researchers observed the same phenomenon, this time in a sitting position. Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as intended to assess their ability to concentrate. In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures — from upright to very slumped (消沉) — in order to note their influences on mood and cognition.

A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks, although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture.

Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time.

【小题1】Why does the writer mention the studies at the beginning?
A.To introduce what cognitive performance is.
B.To emphasize the importance of body posture.
C.To prove the results of those studies are wrong.
D.To raise a new question to be studied and solved.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “hunched” mean in Paragraph 3?
A.Straightened.B.Bent.C.Loose.D.Solid.
【小题3】What does the first study indicate?
A.Posture influences our mental state.B.Straightening up has a negative effect.
C.Gazing upward builds up confidence.D.Walking posture is especially important.
【小题4】What can we learn about sitting upright?
A.It has mental and physical benefits.B.It helps improve the test pass rate.
C.It requires sitting for a long time.D.It increases the blood pressure.
2023·浙江丽水·三模
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Do you suffer from low energy? Is it difficult to get out of bed in the morning? Do your head and stomach ache? If so, you could be experiencing job burnout. 【小题1】—77% of workers surveyed by Deloitte said they had experienced burnout. And 90% of those said that stress had negatively impacted their work.

Burnout is dangerous. It can lead to mental and physical exhaustion, a loss of identity, and feeling a lack of accomplishment, they harm the body over time. Do you want to get out of this state? 【小题2】

One way you can help relieve burnout is by practicing communication. Be clear about what you’re feeling, and if you are being overworked, discuss it with your supervisor or coworkers. 【小题3】 Taking time off is also a good idea.

While self-care is trending these days, it will not cure burnout. 【小题4】 Their support and cooperation can make you feel better. Another option is taking part in regular physical activities to get your mind off work.

【小题5】 A study cited by The New York Times found that surgeons who made time for recreational activities were less likely to experience burnout than those who didn’t. A few ideas for relaxing activities can be yoga, meditation, or mindfulness.

A.As a matter of fact, you aren’t alone.
B.Finally, make time to do things you love.
C.Burnout can also develop along with anxiety.
D.Read on to discover how to deal with it effectively.
E.Provide them with ideas that would help lighten burnout in the office.
F.What can help address the problem is to see a doctor or meet with friends.
G.If you are eating more or less than usual, stress hormones can be affecting your appetite.

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.

Proper nutrition( 营养 )is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein, like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don’t overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight. Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality. Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.

Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span( 寿命 ). Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.

If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.

【小题1】According to the passage, ________.
A.we should always keep fit.
B.one can eat a lot to stay in good shape.
C.one needn’t take any exercise if he is healthy.
D.if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep.
【小题2】In order to keep good health, ________.
A.we should eat a lot of sweets.B.one needs a large amount of fat.
C.we must try to sleep anytime.D.people should eat according to the foods nutrition.
【小题3】Eating more and sleeping less ________.
A.can keep healthy.B.is no good for you.
C.gets you more energy.D.will keep your personality.
【小题4】The title of the article should be ________.
A.Eating and Exercising.B.How Vitamins Work in Man’s Body.
C.Staying Healthy.D.Sleeping Well.

If you want to take good care of your eyes and vision (视力), I encourage you to adopt the habit of blinking (眨眼) softly as often as possible. Frequent and gentle blinking is important to keep healthy eyes and good vision because it helps to keep your eyes coated with three beneficial layers (层) of tears.

The first layer of tears lies right up against the whites of your eyes, and provides an even coat of protein-rich moisture (水分) for the second layer to stick to. The middle watery layer helps to wash away foreign dust. It also provides your eyes with minerals, a variety of proteins, and moisture (水汽). The third outer layer of tears is somewhat oily. It serves to prevent the middle watery layer from drying quickly, and smooths your eyes.

If your eyes are not regularly coated with the three layers of tears described above, they will be short of moisture and cleaning, and they will be unnecessarily tired.

One of the reasons why many of us don’t blink as often as we should is that we don’t see frequent blinking in mainstream media. Actors and new presenters are typically trained to blink as infrequently as possible, so when we take in most forms of media, our minds learn that it isn’t normal to blink frequently.

To fully support your eyes and vision, it’s best to blink softly every two to four seconds, which means about fifteen to thirty blinks per minute. By making an effort to softly blink at this rate, over time, your body will turn your efforts into a habit. If you’re thinking that such frequent blinking will make reading a book or viewing a movie uncomfortable, give it a try and you’ll see right away that it doesn’t take away from these experiences at all.

【小题1】What does the author suggest in the text?
A.Closing and opening our eyes frequently and gently.
B.Taking good care of our eyes by doing eye exercises.
C.Maintaining healthy eyes to prevent nearsightedness.
D.Crying as often as possible to gain three layers of tears.
【小题2】What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The classification of tears.
B.The causes of three layers of tear.
C.The importance of the first layer of tears.
D.The main functions of three layers of tears.
【小题3】How does the author think of blinking frequently when reading?
A.Annoying.B.Disagreeable.
C.Harmless.D.Incredible.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.Keep Eyes Coated with as Many Layers of Tears as Possible.
B.Try Frequent Blinking for Healthier Eyes and Better Vision.
C.Actors and News Presenters Set Us a Bad Example in Lifestyle.
D.Blinking Lowers the Experiences When Reading or Seeing a Film.

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