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The night is completely black. But the darkness of a hill inside the crater of Indonesia’s Kawah Ijen Volcano is lit up like a holiday light show. Tourists gather at the volcano to see what look like glowing blue rivers of Java. But they aren’t rivers of lava. They’re rivers of glowing sulfur (硫磺).

Glowing red lava flowing from an erupting volcano isn’t unusual. Glowing sulfur is. Hot, sulfur-rich gases escape constantly from fumaroles (喷气孔) in Kawah Ijen’s crater. Scientists were told that sulfur miners on the volcano sometimes use torches to light the sulfur. The blue flames make Kawah Ijen popular with tourists. who watch from a safe distance.

Sulfur is common in volcanic gas, and it can be used to produce many things. But it’s so plentiful in Kawah Ijen’s crater that miners make a dangerous daily journey into the crater to collect sulfur from a fumarole. “The local people pipe the gases from the fumarole through pipes,” says scientist John Pallister. He has walked into the crater himself, wearing a gas mask for protection against the clouds of acid that rise from the lake. “They use water from a spring to cool the pipes,” he says. This causes gases to change into liquid sulfur. The sulfur then cools and hardens into rock. Using this method, miners get more usable rock faster than if they just collect pieces.

Miners face another hazard: a huge eruption. Kawah Ijen’s last big eruption was almost 200 years ago, but the volcano is still active. Indonesian scientists want to find a way to predict a big eruption in time to keep everyone safe. But the deep acid lake makes it difficult to pick up the usual signals that warn of a coming volcanic eruption.

For example, certain gases are usually richer right before an eruption. But in this lake, those gases disappear into the deep water before they can register on the geologists’ equipment.

As scientists search for ways to predict this unusual volcano’s behavior, Kawah Ijen’s blue fires continue to attract audiences who appreciate the volcano’s amazing glow.

【小题1】What makes Kawah Ijen attractive to tourists?
A.Its special outline.B.Its blue fire.
C.Its glowing red lava.D.Its delightful scene in daylight.
【小题2】What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.The daily life of local miners.
B.The method of getting sulfur effectively.
C.The protection provided for Kawah Ijen.
D.The process of researching the inner part of the crater.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “hazard” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Danger.B.Decision.C.Direction.D.Disappointment.
【小题4】What does the example in paragraph 5 show?
A.The advantage of scientists’ equipment.
B.The working rules of scientists’ research.
C.The difficulty of predicting a big eruption.
D.The necessity of patience in studying an eruption.
22-23高二下·广东湛江·阶段练习
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Dear Sis,

How have you been? I’m having a good time on my holiday in Shangri-La. It is the name of a city in Yunnan, China. I decided to come here because I wanted to experience the real Shangri-La for myself, even if it’s different from the paradise we read about in the book. So far, I really like it here.

On Monday, I left Lhasa at noon, and after changing flights once, I reached Shangri-La at eight in the evening. That night, I was so tired that I had a quick bite to eat and then crashed at the hotel.

Yesterday, I went to the Potatso National Park. The park covers such a wide area that the ticket for the park includes a bus tour, as it is the only way to see all the major sites in one day. Just to give you an idea of how large the place is, imagine a park that spans across vast forests, wetlands, lakes, meadows, and several villages! On the bus, I made friends with the passengers around me, and they said that I had definitely picked the right season to visit the park. The autumn scenery, they said, would be absolutely picture-perfect.

On top of its beautiful scenery, the park is also famous for its rich biological diversity. Did you know that Potatso makes up less than one percent of China’s total land area, but it contains more than 20 percent of the country’s plant and animal species? I even saw two black-necked cranes (鹤) at the picturesque Bita Lake! Bita Lake is absolutely my favorite place in Potatso. Just imagine, a beautiful lake, blue skies, majestic mountains, and golden trees all around me. Spending time there can be an amazing experience, which gives me a good rest.

Tomorrow, I am going hiking at the Tiger Leaping Gorge. Fingers crossed that there will be good weather! Anyway, I need to get some sleep now since tomorrow’s going to be a long day, but I’ll tell you all about it when I get back!

Love,

Chris

【小题1】When Chris said that he “crashed” in Paragraph 2, it means that he ________.
A.had a stomachache
B.got into an accident
C.fell asleep very quickly
D.hit something while moving
【小题2】Chris visited the Potatso National Park by bus because ________.
A.the park is too large
B.the bus ticket is free
C.the weather wasn’t good
D.he wanted to make friends
【小题3】Bita Lake is Chris’ favorite place because ________.
A.living there can make him relaxed
B.various plants can be found there
C.it’s a great place to take pictures
D.it’s good for the cranes to live
【小题4】Why did Chris write the letter?
A.To teach Sis to make a travel plan.
B.To invite Sis to join in his journey.
C.To share his great time in Shangri-La.
D.To introduce a famous park in Yunnan.

Jessica Nabongo longs to set foot in every nation. She started traveling at age four, along with her parents on family trips from Detroit, Michigan and completed her mission when she landed in the Seychelles, having visited 195 countries. 【小题1】 Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical(道德的) tourism .

Here she talks to us about her experience and tips for traveling better.

What inspires your adventures?

【小题2】 I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States.

Did you ever experience any obstacles?

I don’t believe in failure. 【小题3】 Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes-it comes from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn.

【小题4】

My mother has always said “ humble(使谦逊) yourself.” I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a lot of ego(自我), or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.

What are some things people can do to travel more sustainably(可持续地)?

Single-use plastic is one of the biggest things harming Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. 【小题5】 If you’ re in a restaurant and you don’ t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion. It’s about being a deliberate(慎重的) traveler, just taking that extra minute to think how I can have a lower impact on this place that I’ m in and on the planet in general.

A.But it’s not just about the country count.
B.I believe failure is the mother of success.
C.Curiosity-that’s what’s always inspired me.
D.What did you depend on during your travel?
E.And I don’t have the ability to be embarrassed.
F.What’s the best piece of advice you’ ve received?
G.But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste.

Inspiration Tower

Inspiration Tower is on the highest point in Southwest Missouri. Take a glass lift to the spacious observation deck (甲板). The views are absolutely phenomenal in any season. On a clear day, you can see over 90 miles. Opens from 9 am to 5 pm daily: closes at 4 pm on Mondays and Tuesdays.

Titanic Museum Attraction

You’ll enter as a guest and leave as a Titanic Passenger! The exhibits you see throughout the ship are real and valued at over 4 million dollars. Visit a room where you can touch an authentic iceberg (冰山) and experience the coldness of the icy waters where the Titanic sank. Walk along decks at the same angle as the decks when the ship went down.

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Celebrate the Spirit of the Season at Shepherd of the Hills. NEW this year is "The North Pole Adventure". This All-New Family Walk Through Experience takes you on a journey through thousands of bright lights, hot chocolate stands and man-made objects. Don't forget to visit Santa's Workshop for a visit without Santa. This experience requires good weather.

7D Dark Ride Adventure

For an interactive game like you've never experienced before, gather your courage and check out the 7 D Dark Ride Adventure! Put all seven of your senses to the test today, at the 7D Dark Ride Adventure, a 3D ride guaranteed to get your heart pumping. Not recommended for visitors with back or heart problems.

【小题1】When can you visit Inspiration Tower?
A.At 8:30 am, Friday.B.At 5:00 pm, Thursday.
C.At 1:30 pm, Monday.D.At 6:00 pm, Sunday.
【小题2】What can you do at Titanic Museum Attraction?
A.Have a bird view.B.Walk along decks,
C.Enjoy hot chocolate.D.Test your bravery.
【小题3】Which program is unsuitable for a visitor with heart problems?
A.Inspiration Tower.B.Titanic Museum Attraction.
C.Shepherd of the Hills.D.7D Dark Ride Adventure.

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