It’s obvious that plastic pollution is a big problem nowadays. Luckily, researchers have found a chemical from a kind of worm can degrade one of the most common forms of plastic. The finding could open up new ways to deal with the problem.
There have been several studies showing microorganisms can release enzymes (酶) that cause the plastic polyethylene (聚乙烯) to start to change. But that process takes a long time. The recently-discovered enzymes were found in the saliva (唾液) of the wax worm moth. They appear to act in only a few hours.
Federica Bertocchini is one of the researchers who helped write a study on the finding. She is also a beekeeper. Bertocchini said that one year she found her honeycombs full of wax worms. Honeycombs are built by bees to store honey. She cleaned the honeycombs and put the worms in a plastic bag. When she returned, she found the bag was full of holes. All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes, leading to the idea of the research.
“We checked that, doing proper lab experiments, and we found the polyethylene had been oxidized (氧化),” she said.
In her latest research, Bertocchini and her coworkers identified two enzymes in the worm’s saliva. The enzymes appeared to break down polyethylene in only a few hours at room temperature. Bertocchini says her team is still trying to understand how the worms deal with the plastic. She adds, hopefully in the future, the enzymes can be used in homes, where each family could deal with their own plastic waste.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “degrade” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Break down. | B.Bring forth. | C.Compete with. | D.Pick out. |
A.They’re easily available. | B.They can be produced at home. |
C.They function very fast. | D.They can be applied to all plastics. |
A.How Bertocchini found the enzymes. | B.Why Bertocchini cleaned the honeycombs. |
C.How Bertocchini took care of the honeycombs. | D.How Bertocchini came up with the idea of the research. |
A.They will work at room temperature. | B.People can make them on their own. |
C.They will solve all plastic pollution. | D.They will become a household product. |
For more than fifty years, a worker was forced to sit on the back of a truck and slowly drop plastic barriers(障碍)
to set out lanes(车道)on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Every day, their direction changes to control the traffic, meaning an employee had to go through the difficult task every twenty-four hours.
But a new piece of machinery means the work can be completed in a matter of minutes. A new “zipper truck” has been introduced. The vehicle lays and moves a lane barrier as it drives over the bridge. Last weekend, the bridge was closed so the new safety barrier, designed to reduce the dangers of head-on crashes, could be set up.
For the longest period in its nearly eighty-year history, the bridge was closed early Saturday to all but walkers, cyclists and buses to set up the barriers on the 1.7-mile bridge. A survivor of a 2008 head-on crash on the bridge spoke Sunday from a wheelchair to help introduce the new barrier, made of steel-clad concrete(铜包混凝土)blocks that can move across the bridge’s six lanes to meet traffic needs.
Gr. Grace Dammann pushed for a safer barrier since becoming unable to walk after the accident. She said she decided to drive near the middle of the bridge, which was called the “suicide(自杀)lane”, because she and her daughter were running late. Brian Clark, who was driving in the opposite direction, had just learned his father had cancer. “He suddenly lost control of the wheel, crossed over and hit my car,” Dammann said.
She said she and Clark became friends as they persuaded(说服)the government to use the MYM30 million barrier. “I am so thankful,” said Dammann, who came to the ceremony with Clark.
“Clark and I thank you.”
【小题1】What is the zipper truck for?
A.Building bridges. | B.Repairing the road. |
C.Carrying plastic barriers. | D.Setting up safe lane barriers. |
A.It is being repaired now. | B.It is a bridge with eight lanes. |
C.It had very dangerous lanes before. | D.It is too old to be used at the moment. |
A.They organized the ceremony. | B.They are both government officials. |
C.They designed the new zipper truck. | D.They were in favor of the new barrier. |
A.A worker on the Golden Gate Bridge. | B.A great bridge in San Francisco. |
C.A new safer barrier system. | D.A serious traffic accident. |
A plan has been officially presented to build the world's deepest swimming pool in Cornwall,England. The pool, which is being built by the company Blue Abyss, will be used to train astronauts and develop underwater robots.
The Aerohub Enterprise Zone at Cornwall airport will house the pool, which may cost £ 150 million to build. It will be 40 metres wide and 50 metres deep. For comparison, Nelsons Column in Trafalgar Square in London is 52 metres tall. So this pool would almost be as deep as the column is tall. It will also be the world's largest pool by volume ( 容 积), containing enough water to fill 17Olympic-sized swimming pools.
The pool will be covered by a roof which can be easily removed and a 30-tonne crane(起重机)will lower heavy objects into it. These could include film sets and restaurants of the International Space Station (ISS). Training astronauts is going to be one of the pool's main uses. Astronauts train in swimming pools because moving underwater is similar to being weightless in space.
Astronaut Tim Peake said, "This project will help us to widen our knowledge of how humans and technology can work in extreme environments for the benefit of people and the planet." In 2015, Peake became the first British astronaut to board the ISS.and in 2016, he became the first British astronaut to go on a spacewalk.
John Vickers, who is the head of Blue Abyss and a former army diving instructor, came up with the idea for the pool. As well as having research and training purposes, he says the pool will be “a fantastic education centre for children and university students".
Blue Abyss says the pool could create up to 160 jobs and bring in £ 8 million a year for the local economy. The pool is scheduled to open in 2023.
【小题1】What is special about the swimming pool in Cornwall?A.It aims to test robots underwater. |
B.It costs a lot and is huge in volume. |
C.It is being built near Nelson Column. |
D.It is sponsored by the Cornwall government. |
A.It offers astronauts access to space. |
B.It brings convenience to astronauts. |
C.It earns a good reputation as a training center. |
D.It features similar weightless environment to space. |
A.It has the potential to reshape space training. |
B.It will mainly serve as an educational center. |
C.It is likely to bring some long-lasting benefits. |
D.It enables human to work in extreme environments. |
A.To introduce a project in England. |
B.To appeal to the public for support. |
C.To publicize the company Blue Abyss. |
D.To stress the key factor in training astronauts. |
“Robots can do almost everything” said Jan Lindmark, president of ABB Engineering (Shanghai) Ltd, a branch of the world’s leading power and automation company in April,2004.
ABB invented the world’s first electric robot controlled by microcomputer in 1974.Twenty years later. It introduced the technology into China. Since then, the company has been experiencing rapid development in the country.
“The industry grows very fast in China,” Lindmark said “We have enjoyed strong growth over the past few years. We expect more this year”.
According to Lindmark, enterprises(企业)in China are paying more and more attention to the use of robots in the manufacturing process. “Before, we thought that the inexpensive labor in the country might be a disadvantage for our development,” he said. “However, we are glad to see that more and more enterprises here are realizing the importance of quality control compared with manual work, robots’ work secures(使安全)quality.”
Currently, the company controls about 30 to 35 percent of the country’s robotics market. “I’m proud of all the successful movements we have made here,” Lindmark said “I have never experienced such great achievements elsewhere in my 21 years’ working for ABB.”
“We have very intelligent and skilled staff here,” he said. “I’m always trying to organize the company as a family I feel the responsibility to take care of it and bring it up.
【小题1】The most benefit to a company of using robots is________.A.reducing costs | B.improving quality |
C.making the labor relaxed | D.doing good to labor’s health |
A.satisfied | B.worried | C.surprised | D.sad |
A.has entered the Chinese market for over 20 years |
B.has its headquarter set in Shanghai |
C.invented the first robot in the world |
D.has advanced staff in the development of electric robots |
A.the secret of ABB’s success |
B.the future of ABB in China |
C.ABB’s robots are well received in China |
D.robots can take the place of humans one day |
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