We truly are what we eat—and what our ancestors ate. Food has changed who we are and how we developed for hundreds of thousands of years. From processing (加工) to preserving to cooking, what humans did and continue to do to food played a big role in shaping our evolution (进化).
“Processed food isn’t just a modern invention. It’s as old as human itself and may have helped create our species,” wrote Nicholas Temple, author of The Best Before: The Evolution and Future of Processed Food for the BBC.
Although processing is viewed negatively nowadays, it was important to our development as a species. Processing doesn’t necessarily mean adding chemicals. It also includes pounding or slicing or changing the food in anyway before eating. Compared to our ancestors, modern humans’ teeth, jaws and faces have gotten smaller because of making food easier to chew, especially from cooking.
Cooking food was one of the biggest changes in human history. Researchers believe it could have occurred between 1.8 million to 400,000 years ago. Without cooking, an average person would have to eat around five kilos of raw (未加工的) food to survive and will have to spend most of the day eating. Also, up to 50% of women who only eat raw foods develop a condition that signals that the body can’t support a pregnancy (怀孕) —a major problem for evolution, according to Science American. Processing food leads to a huge gain in leisure time. The less time people spent chewing, the more time they had to develop complex spoken language. Cooking food also breaks down its cells. So our stomachs need to work less to absorb the nutrients and save more energy, which could then be used to power a large brain.
Processed food actually shaped us as a species and made us human—the only species on earth who can cook.
【小题1】Why are modern humans’ teeth and jaws smaller?A.Because they look much more beautiful. |
B.Because they are suitable for cooked food. |
C.Because humans become small in size. |
D.Because humans have to adapt to modern life. |
A.It takes people much time and energy. |
B.It stops the evolution of human beings. |
C.It causes people’s stomach to work less. |
D.Its lows the development of written language. |
A.Only modern people process food. |
B.Some animals can cook food as humans. |
C.Processed food is of great value to humans. |
D.People began to process food in recent years. |
A.To introduce various ways to process food in human history. |
B.To uncover the details about the development of human food. |
C.To present the findings of a study about food in human history. |
D.To explain the importance of processed food to human beings. |
Camper Lunch Program
We are pleased to offer the Camper Lunch Program for full-day campers or campers participating in both morning and afternoon half-day camps.
Lunch at the Overlake School
At the Overlake School in Redmond, you can sign up for lunch at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by the school cafeteria including a hot main dish and a salad bar option. Limited diet restrictions can be accommodated in advance. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4:00 pm on Wednesday.
.$ 40 for 5-day camp week
.$ 32 for 4-day camp week
Lunch at View Seattle
Two weeks before your camp start date, you will receive a link in your confirmation email to choose your preference between the regular and vegetarian(素的)lunch menus. Besides, camper with allergies or sensitivities are encouraged to bring their own lunch.
.$ 40 for 5-day camp week
.$ 38 for 4-day camp week
Lunch at St. Thomas School
At St. Thomas School, lunch and snacks are provided by SAGE Dining. Lunch includes a hot main dish, a salad bar and sandwich options. Campers also receive two snacks per day.
.S 50 for 5-day camp week
.$45 for 4-day camp week
Lunch at Pacific Science Center
At Pacific Science Center, you can sign up at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by our very own Pacific Science Center Cafe. Every day, standard and vegetarian lunch menus are available and come with a water bottle and two snacks. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4: 00 pm on Wednesday.
$ 45 for 5-day camp week
$ 36 for 4-day camp week
【小题1】Which program can a camper with a budget of $ 35 choose?A.Lunch at the Overlake School. | B.Lunch at View Seattle. |
C.Lunch at St. Thomas School. | D.Lunch at Pacific Science Center. |
A.Stay far away from anything with allergies. | B.Choose their lunch preferences in advance. |
C.Avoid bringing their own lunch for any reason. | D.Send emails to offer advice on improving lunch. |
A.They receive registrations only on Wednesday. | B.They encourage campers to bring some snacks. |
C.They are mainly intended for vegetarian campers. | D.They provide campers with two snacks each day. |
As a kid, I often got nosebleeds. My parents blamed all the fruits I ate that gave me “excessive heat”— especially the mangoes, my favorite. It didn’t stop me from wolfing them down by the dozens.
As I’ve grown older, my fixation on exotic (奇异的) fruit has intensified — the weirder, the better. The disadvantage of being an armchair pomologist (果树栽培学家) in Canada is that most of our fresh fruit is imported. The silver lining is that almost everything in my local stores qualifies as exotic and interesting. Trying a new fruit expands my understanding of the world and enriches my experience within it. “What lasted is what the soul ate,” Jack Gilbert once wrote, “The way a child knows the world by putting part by part into his mouth.” I think of these lines when I prepare to eat a new fruit. Each tasting is a chance to be reunited with my inner child, to be wide-eyed and wordless as I get to know it.
Those tasked with naming these fruits appear to be equally under a spell, producing names as simplistic as they are charming. Cotton candy grapes. Ice cream bean. Dragonfruit.
Most fruits I try only a couple of times, but there’s one I keep returning to: the soursop. At ideal ripeness, the soursop tastes like the ideal tropical fruit. Wait just a day, though, and it smells more like feet than fruit. This rapid rot comforts me, incredibly. Watching a beloved fruit transform from unripe one to sticky flesh feels like witnessing an act of living. The plant sacrifices fruit in hopes of spreading its seed; life was always the point. An approaching expiration date is only encouragement to enjoy these accessible joys as they come. We, too, will soon find our bodies softened and bruised. Will we have let our sweetest days go to waste?
【小题1】Why does the author like exotic fruit?A.She is a famous pomologist. | B.It helps broaden her horizons. |
C.It reminds her of her hometown. | D.She only likes strange-looking fruit. |
A.Funny. | B.Useful. | C.Appealing. | D.Powerful. |
A.Never judge a book by its cover. |
B.Time and tide wait for no man. |
C.An apple a day keeps the doctor away. |
D.Where there is a will, there is a way. |
A.Benefits of eating fresh fruit. |
B.Memories of the carefree childhood. |
C.Explorations of the natural world. |
D.Experiences of trying exotic fruit. |
In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.
However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.
【小题1】The passage mainly talks about________.
A.the world's food problem |
B.the development in biotech |
C.the genetically modified foods |
D.the way to solve food shortages |
A.will replace naturally grown foods |
B.are far better than naturally grown foods |
C.may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition |
D.can cause serious trouble in developing countries |
A.GM foods are available everywhere |
B.the technology in producing GM foods is advanced |
C.genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers |
D.genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets |
A.Enthusiastic. | B.Cautious. |
C.Disapproving. | D.Unbelievable. |
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