Hearing aids will become more accessible thanks to a new rule. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced on Tuesday that people can now buy hearing aids directly from a store or online, said FDA Commissioner Dr. Robert Califf. Before, Americans could only get a hearing aid with a prescription, visiting a hearing health professional and having a custom fitting. The new rule will help those with hearing loss to buy hearing aids over the counter.
Dr. Robert Califf said, “Today’s action will not only help those with hearing loss gain access to more affordable and innovative production options, but it’ll release the power of American industry to improve the technology in a way it’ll impact the heavy burden of disability from hearing loss that affects the world.”
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) lauded the new rule made by the FDA. “ASHA fully supports the creation of this new category of over-the-counter hearing devices, which will increase the availability and affordability of hearing aids for many Americans,” said Janice R. Trent, a leader of ASHA.
The new rule still doesn’t ensure hearing aids are covered by insurance. Hearing aids often burn a huge hole in people’s pockets with a pair costing $4,000, according to a study published in JAMA. Considering that five large companies control 90% of the global marketplace for hearing aids, FDA is counting on the new rule to bring down prices by inviting more players into the market.
“I have a big smile on my face right now,” said Dr. Frank Lin, director of the Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health. “In 1977, the only way for hearing aids to be safe and effective was that they were programmed, fitted and professionally adjusted by a licensed provider. Now the new rule could change the market. This allows more companies that are already making innovative earbuds to enter the market.”
【小题1】What does Dr. Robert Califf focus on about the new rule in paragraph 2?A.The background of making it. | B.Its possible positive influences. |
C.His worries over its acceptance. | D.His explanations of its contents. |
A.Challenged. | B.Rejected. | C.Praised. | D.Adjusted. |
A.There is little competition. | B.They are in great demand. |
C.They are of excellent quality. | D.More insurance is required. |
A.More and more companies will be well monitored. |
B.Hearing aids will be much safer and more effective. |
C.The market of hearing aids will be more dynamic. |
D.The process of making hearing aids will be simpler. |
Nowadays, our lives depend a lot on access to technology. Home workers need laptops, printers and telephones to finish their daily work. Children need computers and Wi-Fi to complete their homework.
Think about what you need.
Trade in your old devices. When you’re looking to buy something new, you can trade in your old devices.
Check reviews. Read reviews for whatever you are considering buying, regardless of the price.
A.Wait for sale seasons. |
B.Look for student discounts. |
C.Compare prices from different retailers. |
D.However, they’re never going to be especially cheap. |
E.This will help ensure you are getting value for your money. |
F.It can take off some of the money for your next piece of tech. |
G.Make a priority list of the features and specifications you really need. |
Most dictionaries will tell you a number of things about a language. There are three important things. These three things are spelling, pronunciation(发音) and meaning.
First, a dictionary will tell you the spelling of a word. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in an alphabetical (字母表的) order —— a, b, c and so on. For example, on a dictionary page the "poor" comes before "poverty" and the word "poverty" comes before the "power".
The words are always given in alphabetical order. The second thing, a dictionary will tell you the pronunciation. Most dictionaries give phonetic , or sound alphabet. The phonetic alphabet (音标) shows pronunciation. The third thing, a dictionary will tell you the meaning of words. You can look up a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will tell you all of the word’s meanings. For example, in English the common word "get" has over 20 different meanings.
【小题1】Many words have ______.A.several meanings | B.one meaning |
C.few meanings | D.no meaning |
A.more of word’s pronunciation | B.more of the word’s meanings |
C.more of grammar | D.more of the word’s spelling. |
A.handwritings | B.spelling |
C.meanings | D.pronunciation |
A.Four | B.Five |
C.Three | D.Two |
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
【小题1】What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?
A.It limits the spread of new growing techniques. |
B.It leads to air pollution and global warming. |
C.It slows down the loss of shade trees. |
D.It improves local soil conditions. |
A.entertain | B.advertise | C.instruct | D.persuade |
A.An agricultural magazine. |
B.A medical journal. |
C.An engineering textbook. |
D.A tourist guide. |
A. | B. |
C. | D. |
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