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Take a look at the question below and see whether you can figure out the answer: If you’re running a race and you pass the person in second place, what place are you in?

The quiz is deceivingly simple, but there is a little twist. The reason for this question design is not to cheat people, but to figure out natural differences in their thinking styles. More specifically, the test aims to establish whether the quizzer is more of a fast, intuitive thinker or a slow, reflective thinker.

After reading the question, an intuitive answer is likely to be: Since only one place is better than second place, if passing the person in second place, surely you’d be first. In comparison, a slower, more reflective thinker might realize that by passing the person in second place, one person is still in front of you, making you the runner-up.

System 1 is a fast and intuitive approach, which is often ruled by emotional responses, habits or instincts. It has the advantage of creating fast solutions but typically tends to make common reasoning errors. System 2 describes a slow and careful approach, which includes more measured reflection on different choices. It has the advantage of leading to more purposeful results but is also connected with the cost of higher mental effort.

The test question intended to measure people’s preferences of one thinking style over the other. However, in fact, most people use a mixture of System 1 and System 2 approaches, with the context determining which system is more influential. The relative importance of a task and the amount of time available to make a choice can both influence how you think.

With this in mind, we may have to look back on our first question. Rather than trying to identify the better thinking style, the challenge appears to be one of finding balance. Knowing when to think fast and when to think slow might be the real game changer for lifting productivity and success.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “deceivingly” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Seemingly.B.Extremely.
C.Heavily.D.Strangely.
【小题2】What do we know about reflective thinkers?
A.They are worse at running races.
B.They are more likely to make mistakes.
C.They are easily influenced by emotions.
D.They often think twice about everything.
【小题3】What can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A.It’s difficult to change one’s thinking style.
B.Reflective thinking outweighs intuitive thinking.
C.One’s thinking style is determined by certain factors.
D.People usually prefer one thinking style to the other.
【小题4】What may be the key to success according to the text?
A.Figuring out the better thinking style.
B.Changing the game rules to your advantage.
C.Striking a balance between work and play.
D.Adapting the thinking style to the situation.
23-24高一上·吉林·期末
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A woman with cerebral palsy (脑瘫) finished the most difficult climb of her life in the Rocky Mountains with the help of a nonprofit organization called No Barriers.

Melissa Simpson, 31, has faced physical challenges in her entire life as she was born with cerebral palsy, weighing less than 2 pounds. She spent her first two months of life on a breathing machine and has always used a wheelchair. Her disability made her an easy target.   “People would laugh and make fun of me,” she explained.

From her window, she could see some of the tallest peaks (山峰) in Colorado. Climbing them was her dream, but it was always just out of reach —until recently, thanks to the help from No Barriers.

The organization, which empowers people with physical and mental difficulties to achieve their goals, recently organized a hike in the Rocky Mountains for about 400 people of all abilities. Simpson used a specially designed chair with hand levers (手杆) to power the wheels forward alongside a volunteer team pulling her with ropes. “I don’t let my disabilities stop me. Sometimes I might be like, ‘Oh man, I can’t get through this.’ But I’ve got to change that attitude,” Simpson said.

Simpson’s journey to reaching the peaks outside her window began when she disobeyed a teacher who once told her she “wouldn’t get anywhere in this world” by graduating college with an associate’s degree in 2017. Reaching the peak with No Barriers was an emotional moment for Simpson, who broke down in tears as volunteers carried her to a perch on a rock.

“I don’t think of my disability, and I don’t particularly mind whether to be defined as a disabled person. I can do things, but I do them differently,” Simpson said.

【小题1】What can we learn about Simpson?
A.She has an inborn disability.
B.People around her treated her well.
C.Climbing was not difficult at all for her.
D.The way she climbed the mountain was nothing special.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “empowers” mean in paragraph 4?
A.Orders.B.Begs.C.Forbids.D.Enables.
【小题3】According to the passage, Simpson is disabled but ________.
A.helpfulB.strong-willedC.caringD.generous
【小题4】What can be inferred from this text?
A.Every coin has two sides
B.It’s never too late to learn
C.Actions speak louder than words
D.Nothing is impossible for a willing heart

I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.

Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.

Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.

I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.

Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.

Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

【小题1】Which of the following is true?
A.Fun creates long-lasting satisfaction.
B.Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.
C.Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.
D.Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.
【小题2】To the author, Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to ________.
A.write memoir after memoir about their happiness
B.teach people how to enjoy their lives
C.tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun
D.bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties
【小题3】Having infant children, the couples can ________.
A.gain happiness from their commitment
B.find fun in getting them into bed at night
C.find more time to play and joke with them
D.be lucky since they can have a whole night’s sleep
【小题4】If one gets the meaning of the true sense of happiness, he will ________.
A.stop playing games and joking with others
B.keep himself with his family
C.give a free hand to money
D.make the best use of his time to increase happiness

As a youngster, there was nothing I liked better than Sunday afternoons at my grandfather’s farm in western Pennsylvania. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls, the house and field provided endless hours of fun for a city kid like me. I was used to tidy living rooms that seemed to whisper, “Not to be touched!”

I can still remember one afternoon when I was eight years old. Since my first visit to the farm, I had wanted more than anything to be allowed to climb the stone walls surrounding the houses. My parents would never approve. The walls were old; some stones were missing, others loose and falling. Still, my idea to climb across those walls grew so strong that finally, one spring afternoon, I had all my courage to enter the living room, where the adults had gathered after Sunday dinner. “I, uh—I want to climb the stone walls,” I said. Everyone looked up. “Can I climb the stone walls?” Immediately voices of disagreement went up from the women in the room. “Heavens, no!” You’ll hurt yourself!” I wasn’t too disappointed; the response was just as I’d expected. But before I could leave the room, I was stopped by my grandfather’s loud voice. “Now hold on just a minute,” I heard him say. “Let the boy climb the stone walls. He has to learn to do things for himself.”

“Go,” he said to me, “and come and see me when you get back.” For the next two and a half hours I climbed those old walls-and had the time of my life. Later I met with my grandfather to tell him about my adventures. I’ll never forget what he said. “Fred,” he said, smiling, “You made this day a special day just by being yourself. Always remember, there’s only one person in this whole world like you, and I like you exactly as you are.”

Many years have passed since then, and today I host the television program Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, seen by millions of children throughout America. There have been changes over the years, but one thing remains the same: my message to children at the end of almost every visit. “There’s only one person in this whole world like you,” the kids can count on hearing me say, “and people can like you exactly as you are.”

【小题1】The writer enjoyed his visits to the farm because ________.
A.There were old stone wallsB.It was an exciting place for him
C.He liked his grandfatherD.He was allowed to climb the stone walls
【小题2】Hearing the writer’s idea to climb the stone walls, ________.
A.All the adults were shockedB.His parents agreed
C.None of the adults respondedD.His grandfather backed him up
【小题3】We can learn from the passage that the writer was ________.
A.adventurousB.funnyC.smartD.talkative
【小题4】What is probably the best title for the text?
A.A Discouraging ExperienceB.Do Whatever You Like
C.Just Be YourselfD.Remain Adventurous

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