Shenzhen, a city that pioneered reform and opening-up in China, will allow fully autonomous vehicles 【小题1】 (run) on certain roads.

The new rule, 【小题2】 (schedule) to come into force on August 1, 2022, also clarified rules for liability (责任) in car accidents that involve autonomous driving, 【小题3】 (help) to fill the legal gap in China’s smart car industry.

“Shenzhen is giving self-driving cars 【小题4】 legal ‘identity card’, a key move in accelerating the commercialization of autonomous vehicles,” experts said, adding that more legal 【小题5】 (measure) and more testing experience are needed before widening such trials.

The new rule said automakers don’t 【小题6】 (necessary) have to equip fully autonomous vehicles with human driving modes and equipment.

But such fully automated vehicles can only run on certain roads and sections designated (指定) by Shenzhen’s traffic management department, according to the rule,【小题7】 was published on the official website of Shenzhen Municipal People’s Congress on Tuesday.

“In a traffic accident, if the damage 【小题8】 (cause) by the defects of a vehicle, the driver, the owner or the user of the vehicle, after paying for the bill, can request compensation (补偿) from the manufacturer or seller of the car 【小题9】 accordance with laws,” the new rule said.

Yu Qian, CEO and founder of QCraft, a Chinese self-driving startup, said, “China’s autonomous driving industry is entering a golden development period, with many 【小题10】 (effect) policies becoming increasingly clear and open, and technologies and algorithms (算法) becoming more powerful.”

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid 【小题1】(use) to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella(马苏里拉奶酪).

Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland”, is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there 【小题2】(be) a lot of leftover cheese brine. 【小题3】(dispose) of the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do 【小题4】 the waste?

Cheese brine has salt in it, 【小题5】, like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.

【小题6】(normal), towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point, causing ice 【小题7】(melt). But using cheese brine could help both cheese 【小题8】(produce) and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.

In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter 【小题9】(harm) the environment, because road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U. S roads every year! 【小题10】, by spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.

Both research and 【小题1】 (explore) in the Arctic are fundamental to understanding and dealing with climate change issues. With the melting of Arctic ice, the polar region could provide an opportunity to 【小题2】 (well) understand the effects of global warming. The Arctic is 【小题3】 great importance, among other things, for the environment, trade, investment, energy and security. It is evaluated 【小题4】 (have) a quarter of the world’s oil and natural gas. China has a clear Arctic policy, explained in a White Paper,【小题5】 corresponds well with the concept of a “Polar Silk Road”.

Thanks to global warming, Arctic ice is melting,【小题6】 (open) up the possibility of a “Northern shipping route” via the Northwest, Central and Northeast 【小题7】 (passage). Shipping time between China and Europe via the Arctic would be shorter than 【小题8】 existing one through the Indian Ocean and Suez Canal. Although this does not mean the “Northern route” would replace these established ones, it would represent a new chance,【小题9】 (particular) in the trade of energy and minerals. As issued in the white paper, great importance 【小题10】 (attach)to voyage security in the Arctic shipping routes and studies on the routes by China these years.