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We all know eating ultra-processed foods that make our lives easier — such as sauces, and frozen pizza — isn’t good for our health. Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.

“While in need of further study, the new results are quite compelling and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases,“ said Tanzi, professor at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study but he said in his book, “They, are, very high in sugar, salt and fat, promoting systemic inflammation, perhaps the most major threat to healthy aging. Meanwhile, since they are convenient and quick, they also replace fiber foods important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut,” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’

The study, presented at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries,” said coauthor Dr. Suemoto. Ultra-processed foods are defined as ”industrial formulations of food substances containing little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives“ according to the study.

“People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who not,” said study coauthor Natalia. Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.

“People need to know they should cook more,” Suemoto said. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain,” she added.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in Paragraph 2?
A.Convincing.B.Surprising.C.Suspicious.D.Invaluable.
【小题2】What do we know from the passage?
A.Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer.
B.Ultra-processed foods only affect your executive function.
C.Tanzi is the first to find the problem with Ultra-processed foods.
D.Brazilians’calorie intake is not different from most westerners.
【小题3】Who is likely to eat more ultra-processed foods?
A.An old beggar.B.A heavy smoker.C.A young professor.D.A low-income man.
【小题4】What’s the main idea of this passage?
A.Ultra-processed foods can harm your health.
B.Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer.
C.Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria.
D.Ultra-processed foods will lead to cognitive decline.
2023·山东·一模
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Living a healthy lifestyle contains making choices about the foods we eat as well as exercise and other daily activities. The term “healthy lifestyle” can be defined as “to improve and protect one’s health and well-being”.

For this purpose, a healthy lifestyle can involve good eating habits, regular physical activity and anti-alcoholism.

First of all, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle. For instance, rushed morning routines, trying to lose weight, and lack of appetite(食欲)early in the morning are all reasons why people skip breakfast(不吃早餐). However, most experts think that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Another example is fast food; a hamburger from McDonald’s with special sauce and cheese is not exactly considered as a healthy meal. Our society today is busy and on the go at all times. It is much easier to stop and get fast food. As a result, humans become fatter. However, eating low-fat meals that include 5 to 9 serving of fruits and vegetables every day is an ideal healthy life plan. Therefore, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle.

Secondly, another way of living a healthy lifestyle is physical activity. Exercise is indeed part of life because it keeps the body and mind in good shape. Exercise reduces stress and contributes to(有助于)a good sleep. It can keep a person looking and feeling younger throughout his entire life, and it also helps build one’s energy and strength. So, physical activity is another way of living a healthy lifestyle.

Finally, another way is anti-alcoholism. Addiction to alcohol may cause serious social and public problems. It is accepted that driving after drinking is dangerous. Alcohol is a main factor of traffic deaths. Alcoholism can also lead to diseases, such as heart attack or liver trouble. Thus, anti-alcoholism is another way for a healthy lifestyle.

In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle can be maintained in three ways: the first way is good eating habits, the second way is regular physical activity and the final way is anti-alcoholism.

【小题1】The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means ______.
A.having more food will help you to be more healthy
B.a healthy lifestyle only refers to healthy eating habits
C.a healthy lifestyle is a way of living to keep one’s health
D.to be healthy, you must make choices about anything
【小题2】We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ______.
A.it’s not healthy to skip breakfastB.the hamburger is a healthy food
C.we should eat only low-fat foodsD.many people think breakfast is not important
【小题3】According to the text, how can we feel younger throughout our life?
A.By avoiding fast food.B.By taking regular exercise.
C.By being happy every day.D.By wearing some special clothes.
【小题4】Which of the following may directly reduce social problems?
A.Good eating habits.B.Anti-alcoholism.
C.Physical activity.D.Losing weight.
【小题5】In what column are you most likely to find this text?
A.Advertisement.B.Economy.C.Sports.D.Life.

Late-night eating has long been connected to a higher risk for obesity or overweight, which can pose all kinds of risks to your heart.

【小题1】 A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all other lifestyle factors the same, people burn fewer calories, have stronger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain, according to the study’s author.

The study was rather small, featuring only 16 overweight or obese people. 【小题2】 In the weeks before, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home. Each participant reported on their hunger and appetite, and provided data needed. Besides feeling hungrier, burning fewer calories, and showing changes in fat tissue, late eating also impacted the hunger-regulating hermones (荷尔蒙) ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is the hormone that tells you when to eat, while leptin tells you when you’ve had enough. 【小题3】

The solution may be relatively simple. Keeping your eating schedule in line with your body’s natural clock makes sense. 【小题4】 It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk for high blood pressure and other heart disease risk factors. Besides, try eating a big breakfast, slightly smaller lunch, and small dinner with healthy snacks throughout the day. 【小题5】 So pay attention to portion (食物的一份) sizes and what you’re eating.

A.Of course, not everyone’s natural body clock is the same.
B.Researchers may have learned why meal timing could impact fat gain.
C.A survey has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.
D.They each stuck to a strict early or late meal schedule for one day in a lab.
E.Remember, what you eat and how much is likely more important than when.
F.Eating more early in the day and less as it progresses may be the best strategy.
G.The study found that leptin dropped by 16 percent when people delayed their meals.
   

Are you interested in losing your body fat to look slimmer (苗条)? This article concentrates on losing fat, not weight or muscle. You will naturally look slimmer, and be and feel more healthy and attractive.【小题1】

Steps

1. Do proper exercise.

These are exercises that get your heart rate as high as possible and burn fat.【小题2】 Doing at least one hour of cardio (有氧运动) every day along with one hour of strength training a few days per week is the best habit. This will make you lose fat faster,combined with muscle exercise and a healthy, low-fat diet.

2.【小题3】

Eating whole, unprocessed foods is the best way to not take in too much fat. This means eating foods that are in their natural state such as fruit and vegetables. Buy raw foods and cook meat yourself, with plant oil. Protein (蛋白质) helps gain muscles. You can find protein in foods like milk, fish, beef and eggs. Get filled with low calories foods such as vegetables.【小题4】

3. Watch what you drink.

Don’t drink soda, alcohol and fruit juice all the time,since these drinks contain a lot of “empty calories” which will only lead you to put on unnecessary weight. Green tea is good, healthy choice.【小题5】 Drink one full glass of water every morning when you wake up — it is said to make you lose weight faster.

A.Build muscles.
B.Eat healthily and diet.
C.These exercises include running, jogging, swimming, etc.
D.Read on if you are interested in getting all of these advantages!
E.This will make you eat less fattening food, thus making you slimmer.
F.Before going on a diet, you should consult with your doctor to avoid side effects.
G.Drink two cups of water with each meal to fill you up, avoiding eating too much.

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