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An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study.

“Media can greatly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely stressed in that content,” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.

Hahn is first author of the new study, which adds an important part to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children. While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualisations (概念化), like positive or negative effects of specific content, Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values might influence the weight kids place on those values.

Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities as building blocks for their own morality? The findings suggest so, and further support how this indirect approach to socializing children’s morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction.

For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a teenager story and edited the content to reflect in each version (版本) the study’s focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was changed in a way that featured an amoral main character. The stories were shared with about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. The team then measured the importance kids place on moral values to find out how participants might be influenced by specific stories.

“Measuring these effects can be difficult,” says Hahn. “That’s why one purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids”.

【小题1】What can be inferred from the results of the study?
A.Good virtues can carry children through hard times.
B.Good morals in stories help shape children’s values.
C.Teaching moral principles directly to kids seems useless.
D.Reading stories is a better approach than formal instructions.
【小题2】What does the author try to tell us in paragraph 3?
A.The response of the public to Hahn’s study.
B.The difference between Hahn’s study and previous studies.
C.The big contribution of Hahn’s study to children’s literature.
D.The branches of the research on media influences on children.
【小题3】What did Hahn’s team do for the study?
A.They adapted a character and created five stories.
B.They tested different moral principles in children.
C.They created a chain story out of an old character.
D.They illustrated the study for younger participants.
【小题4】Where does this passage probably come from?
A.A textbook.
B.A social report.
C.A medical report.
D.An education magazine.
22-23高一下·福建三明·期中
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Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in quick succession(一连串,连续)". With developments in the speed and connectivity of the internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows streamed directly to their television at their convenience.

This behavior is nothing new. In fact, " binge-watching" has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become available concurrently. Once the episode finishes many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode”.

However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to-back, almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their household chores. Next we’ll be missing work!

Bingeing has other connections-binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of control and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said: “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move.” If people find binge-watching hard to resist, coupled with the fact that it has shown to lead to negligence in many, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction?

The countless of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning then it becomes a problem. So, what's the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good.”

【小题1】How did the writer develop the first paragraph?
A.Listing some examples
B.Telling a story.
C.Giving a definition
D.Analyzing the cause and effect
【小题2】Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word in paragraph 2 ?
A.similarlyB.graduallyC.naturallyD.necessarily
【小题3】What Lindsey said in Paragraph 4 implies that _____________.
A.people have no patience to do work
B.people can’t control their movements
C.people are delighted to watch television
D.people can’t resist the temptation
【小题4】What advice did the writer give at last?
A.To watch episodes in a moderate way.
B.To draw life lessons from the episodes.
C.To enjoy entertainment as much as possible.
D.To keep online media from stopping functioning.

North America's hoary bats could decline massively unless efforts are made to reduce deaths at wind farms, a new study reports. It is estimated that without effective conservation efforts, hoary bat populations could drop by 50% by 2028.

Hoary bats are comparatively large bats, whose weight is between 20—35 grams. They have dark fur dusted with white, which is how they got their name. Hoary bats undergo seasonal migration, moving from summer ranges across most of North America to southern and coastal winter habitats. Hoary bats will also hibernate for short periods of time. Hoary bats in North America provide vital ecosystem services such as insect pest consumption. The economic value of insectivorous bats to U.S. agricultural industry has been estimated in the billions annually.

“Researchers and conservation biologists have been concerned about the number of bats killed at wind farms for more than a decade, but this research emphasizes how urgently we need to act to carry out known solutions” says study co-author Winifred Frick, chief scientist for Bat Conservation International.

For their research, Frick and colleagues created models of species population growth and mortality. They considered two wind energy build-out plans―high and low—which looked at the expected growth of the wind energy sector in the United States and Canada through 2050. The report focused on determining how wind energy expansion might affect hoary bat mortality and what industry solutions could be put in place to help.

“The good news is we already know how to reduce bat deaths. The best evidence so far suggests that wind turbine limit below five meters per second could reduce hoary bat deaths nearly in half. By working together with industry partners, we can have sustainable wind energy while protecting biodiversity.” Frick told Treehugger.

【小题1】What can be inferred about hoary bats in North America?
A.They are the largest bats in North America.B.They play a vital role in American agriculture.
C.They stay in fixed places all the year round.D.They keep active even in severe winter.
【小题2】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.How the research was conducted.B.Why wind energy was expanded.
C.How the best solution worked.D.Why wind mills needed improving.
【小题3】What is Frick's attitude towards reducing the deaths of hoary bats?
A.Ambiguous.B.Skeptical.C.Conservative.D.Optimistic.
【小题4】Which section of a website does the text probably come from?
A.Wildlife.B.Technology.C.Agriculture.D.Economy.
“Selfie” may have been named Oxford Dictionary’s word of 2013. In effect,so widely known has the selfie become that in the past 12 months,its frequency in the English language has increased by 17000 percent,said Oxford dictionaries. However,its popularity has just earned it another honour-being voted the most annoying and overused term of the past 12 months. But I’d like to offer that maybe it isn’t so bad.
According to the Oxford online dictionary, selfie is a photo that one takes of oneself, often from a smart phone,and send them to a social media website. Women and men alike decorate their Facebook and Twitter accounts with these pictures,sometimes with exaggerated facial expressions,such as large smiles or puckered lips(噘嘴).
Let’s think about it. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time they do,and they only end up posting one or two of those. They pick the one that they feel makes them look the best. Isn’t that beautiful? In that one picture,somebody has given himself or herself confidence. Self-image is vital. In today’s society,we are so crazy about being perfect. But perhaps,with that one selfie,we feel as if we fit that need. We feel handsome,beautiful,confident,smart,happy,and content. For that moment,everything bad or terrible that has ever happened to us seemed to have been erased,for that smile or that pucker is what gives us the determination to love ourselves.
A spoken-word poem I saw lately set me thinking:If I ask you what you love,the answers will most likely roll of your tongue. You love to read. You love to write. You love birds,music…your mom,your brother,your sister,your daughter,your best friend,your dog. How long do you think you could go on and on before you said,“I love myself.”?
The poem hit me like a ton of bricks. I’ve struggled with confidence all of my life. And I still do. And in no way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway to that confidence. However,the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves. Just as Pamela Rutledge put it,“There are many more photographs available now of real people than models.”
【小题1】According to the writer, we live in a society where ________.
A.selfie leads to success
B.a good image decides one’s status
C.one’s poor performance can be erased
D.being perfect is highly valued
【小题2】The spoken-word poem mentioned in the 4th paragraph implies ________.
A.our pleasure to enjoy beauty
B.our need to love people around us
C.our tendency to ignore ourselves
D.our real love to share with others
【小题3】What does the underlined word “credit” in the last paragraph mean?
A.praiseB.gradeC.trustD.fame
【小题4】In the writer’s opinion, selfie ________.
A.brings about people’s sense of confidence
B.is merely popular among teenagers
C.tells the true meaning of life
D.is an annoying phenomenon on the Internet

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