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Many of us were told from an early age that, “you learn from your mistakes”. But is this actually true?

The short answer is “yes” — failure can be a teachable moment. But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don’t like to fail. It doesn’t feel good, so we react to failure in impulsive and emotional ways, like giving up on a task prematurely, telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself. This is self-protective, according to Hallgeir, a professor of psychology at the Norwegian School of Economics. “Most of us want to think of ourselves as competent”, he says, so when we fail “it poses a serious threat to our self-image”.

Fortunately, there is research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure. One of them is to adopt a third-person perspective. Instead of asking “Why did I fail?”, we could ask “Why did Sam fail?”, for example. Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions, allowing us to look at failure more objectively.

A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us. This strategy led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups — involving both adults and children — that were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others “forces people to engage with their experience and what they have learned”.

The writer Samuel Beckett once said: “fail again, fail better”. But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again, fail smarter”. Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to navigate (确定方向).

【小题1】What does the underlined word “impulsive” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Uncontrollable.B.Optimistic.C.Impressive.D.Ambitious.
【小题2】Why don’t we like to fail?
A.Failure can be teachable.
B.Failure threatens our self-image.
C.Failure is an unavoidable part of life.
D.Learning from our failures is very hard.
【小题3】Which of the following will the writer agree with?
A.Failure can be avoided if we learn from it.
B.Giving advice to others can help us fail better.
C.Only those who succeed can give advice to others.
D.A third-person perspective helps us out of the bad feelings of failure.
【小题4】What does the text focus on?
A.Smarter ways to learn from failure.
B.How to fail better when we fail again.
C.Failure can let us succeed more easily.
D.Why we react to failure in emotional ways.
22-23高二下·山东泰安·期中
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Self-confidence is defined as a feeling of trust in one’s abilities, qualities, and   judgment. 【小题1】 Whether you apply for a promotion in work or sign up for a cooking class, believing in yourself is the key to putting yourself out there. However, not all people are born confident.【小题2】

Stop comparing yourself to others. Whether you compare how you look to your friends on Facebook or you compare your salary to your friend’s income, comparisons aren’t healthy. Researchers found that people who compared themselves to others, experienced envy.【小题3】 It can be a terrible cycle. When you notice you are drawing comparisons, remind yourself that doing so isn’t helpful. Everyone is running their own race and life isn’t a competition.

【小题4】 . It’s hard to feel good about yourself if you’re abusing your body. Skimping on sleep, eating an unhealthy diet, and lacking exercise will do harm to your well-being. Studies consistently show physical activity boosts confidence. A 2016 study published in Neuropsychiatric Disease   and   Treatment found   that regular physical activity improved participants’ body image. And when their body image improved, they felt more confident.

Embrace (拥抱) self-doubt. Sometimes, people put off doing things—like inviting someone on a date or applying for a promotion—until they feel more confident. But sometimes, the best way to gain confidence is by doing.【小题5】. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t prepare or practice, of course. If you have a big speech coming up, practice in front of your friends and family so you’ll gain some confidence. But don’t wait until you feel 100 percent confident before you proceed. You might never get there.

A.If you’re afraid you’ll embarrass yourself or you think that you’re going to mess up, try it anyway.
B.Take care of your body.
C.Embracing a little self-doubt might actually help you perform better.
D.And the more envy they experienced, the worse they felt about themselves.
E.Take regular physical exercise.
F.Fortunately, there are things you can do to gain your self-confidence.
G.Having self-confidence can help you become successful in your personal and professional life.

When you start gardening, you could visit a garden centre and buy all kinds of fancy products to fight against different garden diseases. One of them is cinnamon (肉桂皮). And the great thing about cinnamon is that it’s pretty cheap. 【小题1】. It couldn’t be easier! So, have we got you curious about what good this spice (香料) can do to your garden? Keep reading, because we’ve made a list!

● It keeps ants away. Have you got ants in your garden and do you want to get rid of them? Sprinkle (撒) some cinnamon on a spot that’s popular with the ants. It can cause the ants to choke when they breathe it in. Plus, the smell makes it impossible for them to smell any food. And the nice thing about cinnamon? 【小题2】


       ● It kills mushrooms. Mushrooms don’t stand a chance if you sprinkle some of the spice on the soil in your garden. The cinnamon will fight against the mushrooms that are still close to the ground.

● It protects seedlings against diseases. Seasoned gardeners will know that growing new plants out of seeds doesn’t always go the way you want it to. 【小题3】. Like we mentioned, it has antifungal (抗菌的) features. This helps the seedlings to keep growing without becoming sick!

● It keeps mosquitoes out of your garden. Sprinkle some cinnamon around your plants and you’ll see that mosquitoes will stop coming anywhere near them. Mosquitoes, and other insects as well, absolutely hate the spice. 【小题4】, which will cause them to stay away from your garden.

【小题5】 Have you been a bit clumsy and have you damaged one of your plants? Is there a tear in a leaf or stalk? You can speed up the healing process by applying some cinnamon to the plant.

A.It heals sick plants
B.And you can buy it in every supermarket
C.It can also be used in cooking
D.Luckily, cinnamon can help you out
E.The smell is much too strong for them
F.It isn’t harmful to children or animals
G.Cinnamon has been popular for a long time

How to ask good questions

Effective communication is vital for all relationship. Learning what questions to ask can improve how you work with team members, your leadership skills, and how you communicate with loved ones. 【小题1】

Be a good listener. When someone gives you an answer or explains something to you, pay attention. 【小题2】 By focusing on listening, you’ll avoid asking a general question that you should probably know the answer to. When someone else is speaking, make eye contact and use body language such as nodding to show you understand.

Don’t be afraid of your questions. 【小题3】 Maybe it’s your first time doing a task, and you want to do it properly. Wrong questions don’t exist —especially if you’ve never done this before. Think about it this way: If you don’t ask your question, you may make some easily avoidable mistakes.

【小题4】 Question asking isn’t supposed to be a fast-paced conversation. Pausing to listen between answers gives you time to think about what was said and ask better follow-up questions. Don’t feel pressured to respond quickly. Fast responses can mess with the conversation’s flow. You don’t want to feel rushed or rush others, so learn to give yourself time to think.

Keep your questions short. A long question shows a lack of self-awareness. 【小题5】 You may want to provide enough detail in your question, but not too much. The person you’re asking should only have to hear your question once, not three or four times. Focusing on asking open-ended questions in one sentence can still set up a good conversation.

A.Use silence to your advantage.
B.Respond with follow-up questions.
C.It can end up confusing someone more than it should.
D.The key to an effective communication is being a good listener.
E.Here are some tips on how you can start asking better questions.
F.If you’re confused about something, you have every right to ask for clarity.
G.If you don’t listen properly, you may find yourself asking already-answered questions.

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