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Teaching is widely recognized to be a stressful occupation, characterized by numerous and varied challenges: administrative burdens, long hours, classroom management difficulties, to name but a few. 【小题1】 They are also paid less than other workers with similar experience and education, a gap that has grown from 4.3% in 1996 to 17% in 2015. Further, teachers face significant social and political scrutiny as to how they do their jobs . 

【小题2】 The statistics on teacher turnover are grim: Research estimates that between 19% and 30% of new teachers leave the field within the first five years of teaching, which can reduce the team spirits of their campus community and negatively affect student learning. In the most recent PDK poll, half of teachers surveyed said they had considered leaving the profession within the last year, with low pay and high stress most frequently cited as the reasons. Of course, teacher stress is not unique to the United States. In fact, research has yielded remarkably consistent findings around the world, with roughly 20-25% of the teaching workforce reporting high levels of stress.

But if it’s clear that teacher stress is widespread, it’s not always clear how teacher stress should be defined. Traditionally, educational policy research has focused on working conditions (i.e., school administration) as the main driver of occupational health. That is, teacher stress tends to be viewed as a result of working in a stressful environment, often characterized as lacking sufficient funding or effective leadership. 【小题3】 In many schools, some teachers are stressed out while others are not; but if working conditions were all that mattered, then every teacher in the school would be equally stressed.

Chris Kyriacou and others have argued that teacher stress is better understood as resulting from a mismatch between the pressures and demands made on educators and their ability to cope with those demands. Workforce conditions alone are not sufficient to explain why some teachers are highly stressed. Rather, what matters most is how each teacher sees the demands they face in relation to the resources they have available to meet those demands. 【小题4】 And if this is true, then it should be possible to identify and intervene with teachers who are most vulnerable to stress, above and beyond efforts to improve the larger working environment.

A.These demands take a toll, resulting in job dissatisfaction, workplace fatigue, burnout, and reduced occupational commitment.
B.Just as beauty is said to be in the eye of the beholder, stress depends on the teacher’s unique view of their classroom.
C.For example, this holds true for 25% of teachers in Great Britain and Italy; 20-22% in Malaysia and Germany; and 25-26% in Australia and the U.S.
D.However, if only 20-25% of teachers report high levels of stress, then that would suggest that the working environment itself is only part of the issue.
E.Teachers are isolated from colleagues for much of the day, spending less than 5% of their work time collaborating with peers.
F.Clearly, then, there must be more to the story.
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By day, Jack is a teacher. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Mary — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Mary in her performance.”

Jack has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.

“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Jack explained.

Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.

But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Jack said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”

Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Mary has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.

“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, but I have to say, ‘Turn, turn!’ Jack is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”

【小题1】What is Jack required to do as a page turner?
A.Fix the piano.B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs.D.Read music.
【小题2】Which of the following best describes Jack’s job on stage?
A.Boring.B.Demanding.C.Difficult.D.Dangerous.
【小题3】What does Jack need to practise?
A.Counting the pages.B.Catching falling objects.
C.Recognizing the “nodding”.D.Performing in his own style.
【小题4】Why is Mary’s husband “the worst page turner”?
A.He has very poor eyesight.B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music.D.He forgets to do his job.

Joyce LeMay is an associate professor of business at Bethel University. She said that college seniors are always amazed by how much work goes into finding a job. “Many college seniors have great resumes (简历) from internships and other part- or full-time jobs. But they are surprised by how long the interviewing process takes,” Many even become discouraged when they are rejected for a role, too. However, there are a lot of ways to increase your chances of finding the perfect role.

“Don’t just look for jobs online,” said LeMay. “Although it’s easy to find jobs on the internet, over 85 percent of job seekers are also looking at the same jobs.” “Hundreds of people can apply for each position and employers get inundated with responses,” she said. If you do find a job online, LeMay recommends first looking within your own contacts. “It’s good to find out if you have someone in your network that could help you get connected,” she said.

LeMay also advises writing a separate application for each role. “Your resume needs to stand out from your competition and the best way to do that is to customize (定制) it to the specific job you are applying for,” said LeMay. In the experience section, be sure to highlight accomplishments that match the job description. This will show a future employer that you’re qualified for the role.

A job search can take three to six months or longer, so don’t take rejection personally. You will not get a job offer from every interview, but don’t let that affect your confidence. It’s important to keep trying. “Many college graduates have their hopes set on one or two companies and when the job doesn’t come through they are devastated (难以承受),” said LeMay. “Keep your mind and your options open— there are many incredible career opportunities you haven’t heard of yet.”

【小题1】What does Joyce LeMay mainly talk about?
A.Job rejection is common and frustrating.
B.College seniors prepare their resumes well.
C.College seniors do have job opportunities.
D.Job interviews consume-too much energy.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “inundated” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Charged.B.Flooded
C.TrappedD.Equipped.
【小题3】Why does LeMay encourage college graduates to keep trying?
A.The incredible jobs are always there.
B.Hunting a job helps improve abilities.
C.Each interview guarantees a job offer.
D.A positive mind ensures a good interview,
【小题4】Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.How can you avoid frustration in job hunt?
B.Why should you make resumes stand out?
C.Why should you keep your options open?
D.How can you find your perfect jobs?

A television writer is responsible for writing scripts (剧本) for television shows. There are numerous types of shows to which a TV writer can contribute his or her talents. 【小题1】 A scriptwriter often writes stories for television dramas, comedies, and soap operas.

Some television writers start out as assistants before working their way up to filling writing positions on shows. 【小题2】 As a television writer, success requires a combination of talent, hard work, and determination.

【小题3】 Depending on their role and the show they are working on, they might work individually in the writers’ room or other remote locations. They also spend time on the set, working closely with the production team and actors to ensure the scripts are brought to life as intended.

A television writer might develop their material using a variety of methods. This involves researching and gathering information to ensure the show is accurate and true. A piece of advice given by professionals is to watch all kinds of TV shows. TV writers should note which ones are successful. 【小题4】

A formal college degree is usually not required to be a television writer as educational requirements vary by positions. Writing talent and practical work experience are generally considered just as valuable as a college degree. There are numerous opportunities to learn how to be a TV writer. 【小题5】 Continuing education opportunities are also suggested as well as reading reviews and comments.

A.Job titles of a TV writer can change.
B.The workplace of a TV writer can vary.
C.So they learn from them and accept suggestions to create better work.
D.It’s helpful to be located in cities known for their television production.
E.Many TV writers read books and begin self-study to improve their skills.
F.For instance, a TV writer can be a journalist, focusing on news programs.
G.Others may work in other areas, such as film or theater, before turning to television.

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