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The curb cut (下斜路缘). It’s a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.

But it was created with a different purpose in mind.

It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps (斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.

I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平). The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity “as a zero-sum game.” Basically, that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another.” What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.”

There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society—and that benefits everyone. Even the football huddle (围成一团以秘密商讨) was initially created to help deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could have read their sign language. Today, it’s used by every team to shield the opponent from learning about game-winning strategies.

So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.

【小题1】By “might as well have been Mount Everest” (paragraph 3), the disability rights leader implies that a six-inch curb may become ________.
A.as famous as the world’s highest mountain
B.an almost impassable barrier
C.a connection between people
D.a most unforgettable matter
【小题2】According to Angela Blackwell, many people believe that ________.
A.it’s fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others
B.it’s impossible to have everyone be treated equally
C.it’s necessary to go all out to help the disabled
D.it’s not worthwhile to promote health equity
【小题3】Which of the following examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?
A.Spaceflight designs are applied to life on earth.
B.Four great inventions of China spread to the west.
C.Christopher Columbus discovered the new world.
D.Classic literature got translated into many languages.
【小题4】What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A.Everyday items are originally invented for people with disabilities.
B.Everyone in a society should pursue what is in his or her interest.
C.A disability rights leader changed the life of his fellow men.
D.Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all.
2023·上海虹口·二模
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This is a true story about a boy who, the world might say, was a terrible underachiever. While in the eighth grade, he failed subjects repeatedly. High school wasn’t much better; he flunked Latin, algebra, English, and received a grade of zero in physics. The boy managed to make the school golf team, but he lost the most important golf match of the season.

It’s not that his peers (同龄人) disliked this boy; it’s just that they never really seemed to notice him much. Even “Hellos” in the hall were a rarity. Out of all the failures in his life, there was something that did hold great importance to this boy, his love of drawing. Although in high school, the cartoons he submitted to the yearbook were rejected, once out of school, the boy was so sure of his artistic talent that he approached Walt Disney Studios with drawing works. I wish I could say the studios loved his work and immediately hired him, but such was not the case; another huge rejection.

Despite his lack of successes, this boy did not give up. He then decided to write his own autobiography in cartoons, about a little boy who was regarded as a loser and a nobody.

The name of this boy was Charles Schulz, the creator of the famous Charlie Brown and comic dog Snoopy.

In life, it is sometimes easy to feel like a nobody. We pass hundreds of people on the street on our way to work, or walk through a faceless crowd in a mall, and no one seems to notice or care. Deep inside, we may know we are special and unique and have lots to offer, but unless someone takes the time to look our way and give us a chance, we may feel worthless, just like Charlie Brown who couldn’t even manage to fly a kite or kick a football properly.

Just as Charles Schulz had faith in his artistic talent, so too, we must realize that nobody is a nobody. We all have special gifts and talents, and every human being is deserving and capable of being loved and appreciated.

【小题1】The underlined word “flunked” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A.failedB.learned
C.achievedD.misunderstood
【小题2】What can we infer about the boy in Paragraph 2?
A.He was hated by his peers.
B.He achieved great success in drawing in high school.
C.His work was refused by Walt Disney Studios.
D.He earned the praise from Walt Disney Studios.
【小题3】When the boy suffered many defeats, he ________.
A.gave up his dream finally
B.wrote some articles in magazines
C.he turned to others for help
D.he wrote himself as a loser in cartoons
【小题4】In the last two paragraphs, we are advised _______.
A.to open up our eyes
B.to believe we can make some difference
C.to learn more skills for development
D.to ask for more appreciation and love
【小题5】Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Nobody Is a Nobody.
B.A Hard-working Boy Is Successful.
C.We Should Turn Failure into Success.
D.One Cannot Succeed without Talents.

A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life, asked me the question, “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?” Her question was a good one. It reminded me of something I was taught as a youngster: life isn’t fair. It’s a disappointment, but it’s absolutely true. One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or that someday it will be. It’s not and it won’t be.

One of the nice things about surrendering (屈从) to the fact that life isn’t fair is that it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have. We know it’s not “life’s job” to make everything perfect, it’s our own challenge. Surrendering to this fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt in different hand; everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions; and everyone has those times that they feel unfairly treated.

The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we don’t recognize or admit that life isn’t fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isn’t fair, however, we feel sympathy for others and for ourselves. And sympathy is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can make you out of self-pity and into helpful action.

【小题1】The writer may agree with the fact that ________.
A.life is meant to be fairB.people feel sorry only for ourselves
C.life isn’t fairD.someday life will be fair
【小题2】What makes everything perfect?
A.Our own challenge.B.Unique strengths.
C.Unfair treatment.D.Our duty.
【小题3】Facing the fact, people are advised to ________.
A.feel pity for others and for themselves
B.make brave decisions
C.do everything in their power to improve their lives
D.give up their unique strengths
【小题4】In the last paragraph, the underlined word “it” refers to ________.
A.justices of the worldB.this very basic fact
C.loving-kindnessD.self-defeating emotion

At school, I was in the top set for maths. My teachers recommended that I study economics and statistics as my A-level subjects, but I had my mind set on a life fulfilled by the arts.

In fact, I was a victim of a gender stereotype made stronger since birth, that men do science and maths and women do arts or languages. Computer science, technology and physics just did not figure in my teenage world view. Nobody popular in my school chose to study those subjects.

Reality struck hard when I began attending job interviews and interviewers would say: “It’s great that you speak foreign languages, but what else do you do?” Nobody asked my friends who had studied science or technology those questions.

A survey recently showed that three of the best-paid jobs for women are in the technology sector. It’s a sector that really can change the world. We must show girls that technology has an effect on every industry out there, from fashion to architecture to journalism. Anybody can learn to code and these days it’s as important as reading and writing. I’ve realized that at university I’d achieved the wrong kind of literacy. Not being able to code limit your impact on the world far more than an ignorance of great literature.

Now I have a five-year-old daughter. I don’t want her to blindly follow gender roles the way I did. I want her to know the fact that a science or technical degree will not limit her creativity but expand it and broaden her horizons far more than my arts background could. I’m exposing her to Minecraft and apps, which help improve analytical thinking and problem solving skills. I’m hoping that my daughter will discover and accept her potentials in science and want to change the world.

【小题1】What does the underlined phrase “gender stereotype” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Personal learning style.B.Sex characteristic.
C.Conventional sex concept.D.Profession difference.
【小题2】According to the author, which may be the benefit of learning science?
A.Increasing job possibility.B.Winning popularity.
C.Improving language competence.D.Enriching imagination.
【小题3】How did the author feel for her major choice?
A.Satisfied.B.Active.C.Discouraged.D.Regretful.
【小题4】What may be the best title for the text?
A.Art or Science, Either is OKB.Good Subjects, Good Future
C.Girls, Choose More WiselyD.Catch Chances, Change the World

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