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Parenting styles and choices are known to influence the way that children develop and grow. Researchers are now discovering more about a similar relationship between owners and their pets. How you “parent” your dog has an impact on the kind of dog it grows up to be.

The researchers studied 48 dog owners and their dogs, asking them to complete a pet parenting style survey before joining in three behavioral tests in the lab, assessing attachments and interactions between the dog and their human owners. Then researchers put the dog owners into three categories: authoritative (high expectations, high responsiveness), authoritarian (high expectations, low responsiveness), and permissive (low expectations, high responsiveness). The three behavioral tests covered attachment (how the dog responded to its owner during close interactions), sociability (how the dog responded when a stranger and its owner changed places with one another in the testing room), and problem-solving.

Dogs with authoritative owners had the highest rate of secure attachment and were highly social and sensitive to social context, compared to dogs with authoritarian or permissive owners. What’s more, the only dogs to solve the problem best came from the authoritative group. So researchers came with the conclusion that an owner who’s highly responsive to a dog’s behavior and needs tends to lead to a more social, secure, and smart dog.

The study matches up in some ways with previous research into parents and kids, specifically that children with authoritative parents are more likely to show secure attachment. It is thought to be because of the reliable support they get. “This research shows that the pet dog-human caretaker bond may be functionally and emotionally similar to the bond between a human parent and their child,” says behavioral scientist Lauren Brubaker.

For now, though the study is enough to show that there is some kind of relationship between the approach we take as dog owners and the way that those dogs then behave, even with numerous other factors in play. “We still need to conduct more research in this area,” said the researchers in their published paper.

【小题1】What can we know about the research?
A.A pet parenting style survey was needed.
B.The dogs were divided into 3 categories.
C.Dog owners were tested for sociability.
D.Interactions between the dog owners were assessed.
【小题2】What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A.The purpose of the research.
B.The process of the research.
C.The findings of the research.
D.The participants of the research.
【小题3】The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to _________.
A.parentsB.pet dogsC.dog ownersD.children
【小题4】What’s the purpose of the text?
A.To introduce some different pet parenting styles.
B.To inform readers of a research finding.
C.To instruct parents how to parent their kids.
D.To persuade dog owners to be authoritative.
2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模
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My husband Wade and I run Southern Koala Rescue and are committed to saving as many koalas as we can. One day, we were called out to rescue a koala that was stuck in a burning tree; but when the flames died down, we decided to return, thinking there could be other koalas that needed our help.

Wade and I were walking through the blackened bushland with our team of volunteers when I spotted a koala on a burnt tree with a swollen and infected wound the size of a 20-cent piece on its neck. Using rings on the end of poles, we coaxed(哄诱)the koala down and put it in a carrier before having it examined. The wound needed a minor operation and, afterwards, the koala, who we named Claire, had to stay indoors to keep flies off the injury. Claire was frightened of me at first, but after four weeks I gained her trust.

Finally, it was time for Claire to get ready to go outside and build up enough muscle movement to be released back into the wild. This was the most satisfying part of my job because not all koalas can be saved. I did miss them when they were gone, but I knew they were not meant to be pets.

After the Black Summer fires destroyed so much of the country from 2019 to 2020, extinction for koalas is a very real possibility. For individuals, one of the easiest ways you can help koalas is leaving a dish of water in your backyard. It can save a life and that counts.

【小题1】Why were the volunteer team called out?
A.To put out a big fire.B.To save a trapped koala.
C.To search for missing animals.D.To clear the blackened bushland.
【小题2】What can we learn about Claire?
A.It was afraid of flies.B.It got hurt by hunters.
C.It needed a major operation.D.It developed trust in humans.
【小题3】Which part of the job does the author find the most meaningful?
A.Sending rescued animals back to nature.B.Providing a shelter for wild animal.
C.Curing the injured animals.D.Petting many wild animals.
【小题4】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Humans are responsible for the big fire.B.Nothing can stop wildlife dying out.
C.Small acts can make a big difference.D.Animals are human’s best friends.

Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused (控告)of killing farm animals. They are officially considered as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.

Farmers can do call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population . Hunting consists of hunting a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox , they kill it or a hunter shoots it.

People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport ; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers , and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive , so most hunters are wealthy.

It is estimated (估计) that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting . But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting , because they think it is cruel, has risen sharply. Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the hunting of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.

【小题1】What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A.It needs a deadly poison.B.Only trained dogs do the hunting.
C.Hunters have rules to follow.D.Hunters need a strict training.
【小题2】A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________
A.keep farmers from hunting foxes.B.forbid hunting foxes with dogs.
C.stop hunting wild animals in the countrysideD.prevent fox hunting in large numbers
【小题3】Which can replace the underlined word in paragraph 4?
A.co-operationB.friendship
C.conflictD.relationship

It was our first evening dog-sitting while our teenage daughter was away on vacation. Louie searched the entire house for his “mommy”. While we were watching TV, this six-month-old dog dragged his large carrier down the stairs. This project took most of the evening. What happened next made us realize that he obviously put thought and reasoning into each move. He pulled each of his personal things down the stairs and put them in the carrier.

After Louie finished packing his “suitcase”, he jumped inside and pulled the zipper (拉链) closed. Then he lay down and went to sleep. The message was clear. He had seen his mommy pack her suitcase and go away. He must do the same to find her. In the morning, believing he had arrived, he jumped up — but his mommy was not there.

He surprised us with new undertakings every day. His favorite activity was going for a car ride to McDonald’s for chicken. But one day, my husband Paul didn’t stop at McDonald’s and left Louie in the car with the window open while he went off. That dog managed to jump out the window, walked two blocks and found Paul in a store. As Paul was paying for his things, he was shocked to look down and find Louie. Indeed, they stopped for some chicken on the way home.

One evening, when I was outside with Louie, I noticed a huge black bear. I screamed at Louie to come back inside the house. Instead, he fearlessly rushed to the bear’s back legs. The bear ran to get away from the little annoying dog. I was surprised at Louie’s bravery.

For Christmas that year, I turned Louie’s daily journal (日志) into a book written in a dog’s voice. Writing Louie’s story changed my life, and set me on the path to a new career as an author and radio talk-show host.

【小题1】What did Louie do the evening his mommy left?
A.He decided to look after the author.
B.He checked his own things all night.
C.He got prepared to leave to find her.
D.He tried to quarrel with the author.
【小题2】Why did Louie jump out of the car window?
A.To ask Paul for chicken.
B.To share a ride with Paul.
C.To get a seat in McDonald’s.
D.To help Paul carry the things.
【小题3】What happened one evening outside the author s home?
A.Louie was hurt by a bear.
B.Louie fought against a bear.
C.Louie made the author angry.
D.Louie made friends with a black dog.
【小题4】What is the change happened to the author because of Louie?
A.She joined a club for homeless dogs.
B.She bought Christmas gifts for dogs.
C.She printed her first book of diaries.
D.She turned a writer and a radio host.

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