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Eating ultra-processed (超加工的) foods for more than 20% of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive (认知的) decline, according to a new study. Previous studies have found they can raise the risk of having obesity, heart and circulation problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, the new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive (决策的) functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.

In fact, men and women who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline compared with people who ate the least amount of overly processed food, the new study found. “While in need of further study and replication, the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get older,” said Tanzi, a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study.

The study, presented on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego, followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years. Just over half of the study participants were women.

Cognitive testing, which included immediate and delayed word recall, word recognition and verbal fluency were performed at the beginning and end of the study, and the participants were inquired about their diet. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of the total calorie intake. We eat a lot of hamburgers, chocolate and white bread. It’s not very different, unfortunately, from many other western countries,” said co-author Dr. Claudia Suemoto, an assistant professor.

Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives”, according to the study.

【小题1】What is Tanzi’s attitude towards the new study?
A.Objective.B.Doubtful.
C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.
【小题2】What can we know about the new study?
A.Its participants were over 50 years old.
B.It followed the participants for a period of time.
C.It proved men had a faster rate of cognitive decline than women.
D.It first found ultra-processed foods could raise the risk of obesity.
【小题3】What were the participants asked to do in the study?
A.Eat their favorite foods.
B.Introduce their daily routine.
C.Enhance their verbal fluency.
D.Take a series of cognitive tests.
【小题4】Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.The substances of ultra-processed foods
B.The appropriate intake of ultra-processed foods
C.Cognitive decline linked to ultra-processed foods
D.Ultra-processed foods causing executive functioning loss
2023·安徽宿州·一模
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Is there anything more important than health? I don’t think so. “【小题1】” wise people say.
If you have a headache, toothache, backache, or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you go to the doctor.
The doctor will examine your throat, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed.【小题2】The only thing you have to do is follow his advice.
【小题3】An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease. He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest.【小题4】In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule:” Eat at pleasure, drink at pleasure and enjoy life as it is.” The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn’t smoke more than one cigarette a day.
A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office.【小题5】He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.
“But you know, doctor” he said,” it’s not easy to begin smoking at my age.”
A.He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wine every day and take long walks.
B.You can’t be good at your studies or work well when you are ill.
C.After that he will advise some treatment or some medicine.
D.Health is the greatest wealth.
E.He looked cheerful and happy.
F.He was more worried about his illness.
G.Speaking about doctor’s advice, I can’t help telling you a funny story

While a healthy diet has always been considered necessary for overall wellness, historically, many hospitals have overlooked (忽视) its powerful potential for recovery. In some areas, that’s beginning to change. In Pennsylvania four years ago, St. Luke’s Hospital partnered with Rodale Institute to start an organic produce (有机农产品) farm at the hospital’s campus in Easton. Since its first season, the St.Luke’s farm has expanded to grow 100 fruits and vegetables on 11-12 acres.

Today, St. Luke’s sends all new mothers home with a basket of organic produce. New moms aren’t the only ones benefiting from the farm’s harvest, which is also served to patients, cooked up in the cafeterias of the hospital and sold at nearby farmers’ markets.

Hospital farms are part of a broader movement to make organic, locally produced food accessible to the general population. Some hospitals are making it a priority to buy food from nearby farms, while others are turning unused land on their grounds into community gardens. By making organic produce easily accessible to the patients and visitors alike, these hospitals hope to inspire lifelong changes for better health. Even though most hospital farms aren’t growing enough to completely supply their own hospitals, providing even a small amount of fresh produce makes people aware how healthy a plant-rich diet can be.

While the farm-to-hospital movement continues to gain traction, it’s meeting with some challenges along the way. For one, health workers don’t necessarily know how to grow food. This means that most hospitals need to hire a full-time farmer and other farm labor to manage the field, which can be expensive. It takes between 3 and 5 years for most hospital farms to break even (回本), let alone make profits for now. But participating hospitals still believe that the benefits are worthwhile. As the movement continues to expand, local people might soon experience a farm-fresh meal at a hospital near them.

【小题1】Why was the organic produce farm established?
A.To teach patients how to grow food.
B.To provide the financial support for hospitals.
C.To solve the social problems of farm labor.
D.To promote the recovery potential of healthy diets.
【小题2】Why is the example of “new mothers” mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.It proves that St. Luke’s Hospital cares for new mothers.
B.It shows the benefits of the farm-to-hospital movement.
C.It stresses the importance of healthy diets for new mothers.
D.It tells us that St. Luke’s produce is sold at farmers’ markets.
【小题3】What does the underlined phrase“gain traction”mean in the last paragraph?
A.Struggle.B.Apply.C.Develop.D.Revive.
【小题4】What can we learn about the movement from the last paragraph?
A.It has gained popularity at present.B.It is expensive and unworthy.
C.It is challenging but promising.D.It goes smooth without hardship.

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks around the world.【小题1】Experts think that there are more flavors of Coffee than there are of wine.Coffee contains caffeine,something that raises our awareness,keeps us from falling asleep or simply gives US a kick in the morning or after lunch.

【小题2】For a long time doctors have told people not to drink too much coffee, because it may lead to heart problems,high blood pressure,and headaches.

Scientists have now found out that it is the quality of coffee and the way it is made that hold the key to our health.【小题3】Among other things,this is linked to the consumption of a strong coffee.Experts also point out that different roasts and types of coffee beans have different effects on our health.Milk and sugar change the different levels of caffeine in a cup of coffee.

A new study by a Harvard research group says that there is no link between coffee and health problems.Drinking several cups of strong coffee a day is not connected with early death or other heart diseases.Coffee has many advantages,as the new study suggests.While alcohol makes people sleepy and slow moving,coffee gives them energy.【小题4】

Although a lot still needs to be uncovered about coffee,it seems to reduce the risk of cancer and diabetes(糖尿病).【小题5】 But reports show that people who drink coffee may develop Parkinson’s disease later in life,or maybe not at all.

A.There are many different types of coffee.
B.Scientists ask people not to drink coffee at night.
C.Elderly people in Greece live longer than normal.
D.Doctors think that coffee may have a positive effect on our brain.
E.Sugar can change the different levels of caffeine in a cup of coffee.
F.However, food experts are still undecided on how healthy coffee is.
G.Getting together for a cup of coffee also has a positive effect on relationships.

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