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Lithium (锂) is called “white gold” for good reason. The metal’s value has been growing rapidly over the last several years, mainly because it is an essential material of lithium-ion batteries, which play an important part in several key sustainable technologies, e. g. electric cars.

As ocean waves, wind and solar power have grown into major players in the energy industry, lithium has also become key to building a future free of petrol. But getting lithium comes at a huge cost. As with most metals, its mining is damaging. It often works like this: Briny water, containing lithium and other metals, is pumped to the surface from underground. Then it sits in pools to allow the water to evaporate, leaving the rest behind as poisonous matter. Workers use chemical reactions to remove the lithium from that, making it into powder which is then packaged and shipped to the buyers around the world. Any accident that releases mine matter into surrounding communities or the groundwater supply could have damaging long-term impacts.

Indigenous (原住民) communities often bear the result of the damage, and political leaders have paid little attention to their concerns. In Arizona, for example, an expanding lithium mine is threatening the Hualapai Tribe’s historical sites. And for politicians who have promised to work with native peoples to deal with it, mining lithium and other precious metals is putting them into a dilemma: How do you ensure the availability of materials which are essential to the future while protecting indigenous people’ rights?

Mining of the metal is expected to increase greatly in coming years. Over time, that will make electric cars inexpensive and, therefore, more popular.

As environmentally conscious consumers buy electric cars in ever-greater numbers, it’s important to be aware of the dirty process that powers those clean air vehicles.

【小题1】What do we know about Lithium in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2?
A.It’s a kind of battery.B.It will be widely used in the future.
C.Only Lithium can replace fossil fuels.D.It is the same with wind and solar power.
【小题2】What can be inferred from the mining process (开采过程) ?
A.It’s easily done.B.It does harm to the environment.
C.It costs much money.D.The workers benefit a lot from it.
【小题3】What aspect of Lithium mining concerns the politicians?
A.The shortage of Lithium.
B.The prices of electric cars.
C.Their people will no longer support them.
D.The balance between it and environment protection.
【小题4】Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Lithium mining?
A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.C.Worried.D.Optimistic.
22-23高一下·湖北·阶段练习
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Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy efficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000 three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla’s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.

Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting.

The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation’s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn’t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,” says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.”

The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn’t worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.

【小题1】It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas’ house ________.
A.is well worth the money spent on its construction
B.is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation
C.failed to meet energy conservation standards
D.was designed and constructed in a scientific way
【小题2】What made the Ouchidas’ new house a horrible dream?
A.Poor quality of the air inside.B.Poor quality of the construction.
C.Gas leakage in the kitchen.D.The newly painted walls.
【小题3】The word “accentuate” (Para. 3) most probably means “________”.
A.relieveB.accelerateC.worsenD.improve
【小题4】Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?
A.Because indoor cleanliness was not emphasized.
B.Because energy used to be inexpensive.
C.Because environmental protection was given top priority.
D.Because they were technically unavoidable.
【小题5】This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled ________.
A.Energy ConservationB.House Building Crisis
C.Air Pollution IndoorsD.Traps in Building Construction

With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. It’s been around for over 60 years. You can donate through their website worldwildlife.org, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.

National Geographic Society (NGS)

National Geographic Society is famous for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world — It’s been around since 1888. They focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You can donate money through the website nationalgeographic.org, buy something at their online store, or take out a subscription to the magazine.

National Wildlife Federation (NWF)

Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment — the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website ref.org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.

EcologyFund.com

Set up in 1976, EcologyFund.com is run on users’ clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy an endangered wilderness to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, EcologyFund. com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn’t donate any money —all you have to do is click.

【小题1】Which environmental organization has the shortest history?
A.National Geographic Society (NGS).B.National Wildlife Federation (NWF).
C.World Wildlife Fund (WWF).D.EcologyFund.com.
【小题2】In what way is National Geographic Society different from the other three organizations?
A.It protects societies as well as nature.
B.You need to be expert in protecting wildlife.
C.You can adopt an animal through its online adoption center.
D.It believes that education is the most important in helping the environment.
【小题3】How can you support National Wildlife Federation?
A.By giving money through its website.B.By clicking on its online articles.
C.By subscribing to its magazines.D.By buying ad space on the site.

Everyone likes living in a clean and comforting environment. If the environment are bad, it will affect our body, and make us not feel well. Sometimes we may be terribly ill. At that time we don’t want to work, and we have to stay in bed and rest at home. So the environment is very important to us.

It’s germs that makes us ill. There are germs everywhere, They are very small and you can’t find them with your own eyes, but you can see them with a microscope They are very small and there may be hundreds of them on a very small thing, Germs can always be found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. Germs can also be found in air and dust. If you cut your finger, some of the dust from the floor may go into it, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs will go into all of your body, and you will have pain everywhere.

To keep us healthy, we should try our best to make our environment become cleaner and tidier. This needs us to act together.

【小题1】The writer tells us that________.
A.we like working when we are ill
B.we feel well when the environment is good.
C.we can’t feel ill if the environment is bad.
D.germs can’t live in the water.
【小题2】Germs are________.
A.very small things that you can’t see with your eyes.
B.the things that are very big.
C.the things that you can find with your eyes.
D.the things that don’t affect people.
【小题3】Where can germs be found? They can be found_________.
A.everywhereB.in air and dust
C.only in dirty waterD.on the small thing
【小题4】From the passage we know that________.
A.environment doesn’t affect our life
B.we don’t need to improve our environment
C.germs may make us ill
D.if the environment is better, germs will be more.

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